Candle's goal is to accelerate the development of more privacy friendly smart devices by showing examples of what this future could look like. It proves you don't have to choose between privacy and easy of use. With good privacy design you can have both.

We have asked artists and designers to create prototypes based on the code and electronics I developed. For example, juweler Dinie Besems created devices with a luxury appeal.

CO2 sensor

Fine dust sensor

More on her creations here.

Engineer Paola Rodrigues also created two devices. This is her version of the Signal hub:

The signal hub can copy and/or learn to recognise 433Mhz devices

And her version of the temperature, humidity and barometer device (using the BME280):

Paola added extra LED's to make the sensor levels readable from far away.

At the moment designer Jesse Howard, an expert on Open Design, is finishing work on his creations.

NARRATIVES

Using MySensors allowed us to really push a number of narratives that are juxtaposed to current IoT design practices:

• Smart devices often use wifi to connect to the home network and the internet. To us, both of these things were unacceptable. If devices can access the internet themseles, who knows what they are sending. If they can connect to the home network, they form an attractive entrypoint for hackers looking to access other devices on the home network. MySensors, Zigbee/Z-wave and even Bluetooth were more acceptable to us, since since they form their own local network which can be kept separate.
• Smart devices are often overpowered. Big arm chips, together with the wifi connection, make them an attractive target for hackers, who can use them as beach heads for further invasion of the home network. Candle uses 'minimal viable hardware', in this case the RF Nano. This decreases the attack surface.
• The power of open source allows users to inspect the code, and thus gain/rebuild trust. In some cases the hardware reflects this call for transparency by being literally transparent. No hidden microphones here.
• The power of open source allows users to learn more about their technology, and even modify it. It's empowering.

EDUCATION AND DIY

A secondary goal was to allow users to relatively easily create the devices themselves. Besides creating the MySensors add-on for the Mozilla WebThings Gatway we also created the Candle Manager add-on. This makes it easy to upload MySensors code to an Arduino. Just connect it through USB to the central controller, and follow the steps in an easy to use interface. Arduino code is then compiled and uploaded to the board, thanks to the new Arduino CLI.

The Candle manager

To aid in education, all Candle devices can be made without needing to solder. Dupont wires are all you need.

INNOVATIONS

MySensors allowed us to quickly prototype and test new privacy enhancing designs and ideas. Some examples are:

• All Jesse's devices can be disconnected from the MySensors network with a physical hardware switch. While the devices gain functionality when networked together, all of them will also work fine as stand alone devices. For example, all sensors have their own screens to display their current values. Ideally, all smart devices should have a switch with three settings: (1) do not talk (2) data may be shared within the local (MySensors) network (3) Data may shared locally and with the internet.
• The CO2 sensor has the option to generate 'fake data' by toggling a hardware switch. If you turn this on, it will generate more data that is similar to the last few real measurements. Why it is important to have this feature is explained in depth on the website.

SOURCE CODE
Most of the source code can already be found on Github, including the MySensors sketches. More of the code being will be uploaded as the launch exhibit draws closer.

THANKS

This project has been made possible with support from the Creative Industries Fund NL. The creation of the machine learning aspects of the project were supported by the SHERPA project, which is a Horizon 2020 research project by the European Union.

I want to give a special thanks to @Anticimex for creating the user friendly security options. Thank you!

LOOKING FOR MAKERS

I am still looking for volunteers that would like to create one or more of the Candle devices and have their creation exhibited alongside the other works. We will pay for your hardware and materials costs. If you're interested, send me a message.

If you're in the Netherlands at the end of October, please come and say hi at the exhibit.