Battery percentage - Help needed

[m26872]

@ksga You got the analogReference() and pinMode() in setup section? Post your sketch.

[ksga]

@m26872

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MySensor.h>  
#include <DHT.h>  

#define CHILD_ID_HUM 0
#define CHILD_ID_TEMP 1
#define HUMIDITY_SENSOR_DIGITAL_PIN 3

// define values for the battery measurement
#define R1 1012e3
#define R2 220e3
#define VMIN 3.2
#define VMAX 4.2
#define ADC_PRECISION 1023
#define VREF 1.1

MySensor gw;
DHT dht;
unsigned long SLEEP_TIME = 5000; // Sleep time between reads (in milliseconds)
float lastTemp;
float lastHum;
boolean metric = true; 
MyMessage msgHum(CHILD_ID_HUM, V_HUM);
MyMessage msgTemp(CHILD_ID_TEMP, V_TEMP);
int oldBatteryPcnt = 0;
int BATTERY_SENSE_PIN = A0;


void setup()  
{ 
     // use the 1.1 V internal reference
 
     analogReference(INTERNAL);
 

  gw.begin();
  dht.setup(HUMIDITY_SENSOR_DIGITAL_PIN); 

  // Send the Sketch Version Information to the Gateway
  gw.sendSketchInfo("Humidity", "1.0");

  // Register all sensors to gw (they will be created as child devices)
  gw.present(CHILD_ID_HUM, S_HUM);
  gw.present(CHILD_ID_TEMP, S_TEMP);
  
  metric = gw.getConfig().isMetric;
}

void loop()      
{  
   int batteryPcnt = getBatteryPercentage();

   Serial.print("Battery percent: ");
   Serial.print(batteryPcnt);
   Serial.println(" %");

   if (oldBatteryPcnt != batteryPcnt) {
     // Power up radio after sleep
     gw.sendBatteryLevel(batteryPcnt);
     oldBatteryPcnt = batteryPcnt;
   }
  
  // totally random test values
  gw.send(msgTemp.set(20, 1));
  gw.send(msgHum.set(42, 1));

  gw.sleep(SLEEP_TIME); //sleep a bit
}

int getBatteryPercentage() {

  // read analog pin value
  int inputValue = analogRead(BATTERY_SENSE_PIN);
  
  // calculate the max possible value and therefore the range and steps
  float voltageDividerFactor = (R1 + R2) / R2;
  float maxValue = voltageDividerFactor * VREF;
  float voltsPerBit = maxValue / ADC_PRECISION;

  float batteryVoltage = voltsPerBit * inputValue;
  float batteryPercentage = ((batteryVoltage-VMIN)/(VMAX-VMIN))*100;
  //int batteryPercentage = map(batteryVoltage, 0, maxValue, 0, 100);

  return batteryPercentage;
}

[m26872]

@ksga Can't see any error in your sketch. Sure you can add pinMode(BATTERY_SENSE_PIN, INPUT) but doubt it will matter.

So if you disconnect your divider from A0, the voltage at that divider point will raise to the right value?

[ksga]

@m26872 I decided to trip everything from my breadboard and start over.
First thing - the voltage divider:
Simple Bat+ > pos.rail > R1 (1M, new specimen, verified resistance with multimeter) > R2(220k)/0.22uf capacitor > neg.rail > Bat-
In paralel I added an LED to put a bit of load on the battery for more realistic current.

The results are:
Battery current: 4.03V
Neg.rail to coupling point R1-R2: 0.61V
Coupling point R1-R2 to Pos.rail: 2.78V

Does that make any sense?
I would expect 0.61V+2.78V=4.03V (or maybe I still haven't grasped the concept.)

Hopefully this photo will make someone wiser than me point out my many mistakes ;-)

[m26872]

@ksga I can't see any current limiting resistor to the LED?
Start as simple as possible with few components. Short and few connections and wires to limit unexpected voltage drops in wires, breadboard or connections between. Remove the caps.

[ksga]

@m26872 Thank you for sticking with me.. I'm quite puzzled by this.
Removed all caps. Added a 1k resistor in front of the LED.
Checked resistance of wires - individually and mounted (all ~0.5 Ohm)

Readings remain the same:

Where does the last "0,63V" go - and should the fact that it is the same as the current over R2 teach me something?

[m26872]

@ksga When you used the word "current" instead of "voltage" twice makes me a little worried. I still believe in Kirchhoff and suggest your next move is to throw away the breadboard and leave just the battery and resistors wrap wired and then measure.

[ksga]

UPDATE:
So I decided to go ahead and connect the ProMini and nrf24l01+

Now the output from the terminal fluctuated between 80% and 105% with no real pattern.
So I added a 0.22uf across R2

Now the output is stable:

Battery percent: 104 %

I still only measure 0.63V across R2.
I guess the remaining error could be written down to the 1.1V reference being off. I think I read somewhere that it can be 10% off!

[stephenmhall]

here is the battery related code from my battery powered temp sensor. Took a while to get the battery correct. Before this thread I had not seen any other code correcting for battery max / min voltages. I am using the 3.7V li-ion cells which actually seem to top out at 4.2V. I cap the percent at 99 for Vera.

float fmap(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max) {
  return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}

void loop()      
{  
  delay(dht.getMinimumSamplingPeriod());
  int sensorValue = analogRead(BATTERY_SENSE_PIN);

   // 1M, 330K divider across battery and using internal ADC ref of 1.1V
   // Sense point is bypassed with 0.1 uF cap to reduce noise at that point
   // ((1e6+330e3)/330e3)*1.1 = Vmax = 4.43 Volts
   // 4.43/1023 = Volts per bit = 0.0043336591723688
   // 4.2 = 100% 2.5 = 0%

   float batteryV  = sensorValue * 0.004333659;
   float batteryVmap = fabs(fmap(batteryV, 2.5, 4.2, 0.0, 1000.0));
   int batteryPcnt = batteryVmap / 10;
   if(batteryPcnt >= 100){
    batteryPcnt = 99;

[gyro]

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