Solar Pannel and LiOn or Lipo

epierre

"Facts on Battery Charging :

The thumb rule for charging Ni Mh batteries is 1/10th (commonly known as C/10). To charge the battery pack at 1/10th its rated current requires 16 hours of charge time( You can see the picture).The solar panel receives optimal sunlight for only four hours per day, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Thus, a totally ideal system would require four days to fully charge the battery pack.

What is C/10 ?

For example we have a 2xAA–sized 1300mAh battery pack that is rated at 1.2 volts per cell. With cells in series, our pack outputs 2.4 volts and 1300mAh.

Here capacity C =1300mAh
C/10 means 1300/10 =130mAh
So to charge the above battery pack we need a higher voltage ( 2.4 to 3 V) with a maximum current of 130mAh.

As per C/10 rule it requires 16 hours to fully charge the battery pack.

You must be ask,what will happen if we increase the current (>130mAh) ?No doubt your battery will charge faster.But the life of the battery will be reduce.So my advice is to keep the current bellow the C/10 value."

Choosing a panel:

"The main source for powering the sensor module is solar panel.So it must be able to provide current for powering the arduino as well as current to charge the battery pack during the day.As per my experience it is the most challenging part for a novice user.

Don't worry these are the following tricks which can help you to buy a right solar panel.

Voltage : Choose 1.5 times the battery pack voltage
2.Current : Current taken by the Arduino + current for charging (should be

Example :
A battery pack is made of 2 AA Ni Mh battery.
Battery voltage = 1.2 x 2= 2.4V
So required voltage for solar panel =2.4 x 1.5 = 3.6V
By taking some margin we can choose a 4V solar panel for it.
The sensor module along with arduino taking 100mAh current.

Battery capacity is 1300mAh
C/10 = 130mAh

Solar panel have to provide current 100mAh for arduino along with a current not more than 130mAh.

Lets take 100 mAh for charging the battery
Total current required = 100+100=200mAh

From the above calculation it is clear that we need a solar panel of 4V and 200mAh.

The following table shows the solar system configuration relationship between storage batteries and mini solar panels.

Battery ----> Solar Panel
1.2V ------> 2V ~ 2.5V
2.4V ------> 3.5V ~ 4V
3.6V ------> 5V ~ 6V
6V ------> 7.5V ~ 9V
12V ------>15V ~ 18V

Note : It is not the strict rule for choosing the exact rating solar panel, rather it is approximate rating .I write as per my experience"

epierre

@ceech said:

The second item from the left is a DC-DC converter. It is used when the solar panel voltage exceeds 5V. Otherwise it is not needed.
The red board is battery charger. Note that the battery is connected to Batt connections and the Arduino is connected to Out connections, so that the battery protection circuit can do its job.

Hello,

Now I have the item, so:
- B+/B- connected to the voltage regulator of the pannel.

usb port connected to the 18650 / CR123
+/- near the usb port to the input voltage of the arduino ? or is that out+/out- ?

subsidiary question: what would be the device to use to load a LiFePO4 ?

ceech

@epierre -B/+B to the battery, USB port is NOT connected. + and - near the USB port are inputs from the solar cell. out+/out- is for Arduino.

epierre

so bad, none worked for a long even with a 6800mAh... it was arduino mini pro ith a 1 W solar panel...

I've moed to your boards to see if I can do better...

epierre

@ceech same issue ith your solar / battery board... sleep time is 300 * 1000, it starts up and then nothing anymore even with a fully charged 18650 6800mAh LIOn...

ceech

@epierre
Does the basic functionality work? Do you receive any data from LTC4067?

$_57.JPG

Here is an example of RAW analogRead data from LTC4067.
Notice the /CHRG change from High to Low. That indicates charging.

analog input A1 on ATmega 328 is /CHRG signal from LTC4067
analog input A0 on ATmega328 is battery voltage
analog input A2 is solar cell voltage
analog input A6 is input current ( I=V/R x 1000 )
analog input A7 is battery charge current ( I=V/Rprog x 1000 )

epierre

Here is the code based on the other around:

/*
  Vera Arduino BH1750FVI Light sensor
  communicate using I2C Protocol
  this library enable 2 slave device addresses
  Main address  0x23
  secondary address 0x5C
  connect the sensor as follows :

  VCC  >>> 5V
  Gnd  >>> Gnd
  ADDR >>> NC or GND  
  SCL  >>> A5
  SDA  >>> A4
  
  Contribution: idefix/epierre for ceech
 
*/
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MySensor.h> 
#include <Wire.h> 				// I2C
#include <BH1750.h>

#define LTC4067_CHRG_PIN	A1		//analog input A1 on ATmega 328 is /CHRG signal from LTC4067
#define batteryVoltage_PIN	A0		//analog input A0 on ATmega328 is battery voltage ( /2)
#define solarVoltage_PIN	A2		//analog input A2 is solar cell voltage (/ 2)
#define solarCurrent_PIN	A6		//analog input A6 is input current ( I=V/Rclprog x 1000 )
#define batteryChargeCurrent_PIN	A7		//analog input A7 is battery charge current ( I=V/Rprog x 1000 )
#define LTC4067_SUSPEND_PIN	9		//digital output D9 - drive it high to put LTC4067 in SUSPEND mode

const float VccMin        = 1.0*3.5;  // Minimum expected Vcc level, in Volts. Example for 1 rechargeable lithium-ion.
const float VccMax        = 1.0*4.2;  // Maximum expected Vcc level, in Volts. 

#define LIGHT_SENSOR_ANALOG_PIN 3   // Digital input did you attach your soil sensor.  
#define CHILD_ID_LIGHT 0   // Id of the sensor child
#define BATT_CHILD_ID 10
#define SOLAR_CHILD_ID 11

// PIN Radio
#define RADIO_CE_PIN    7       // radio chip enable
#define RADIO_SS_PIN    8      // CS SS serial select

float lastBattVoltage;
float lastBattCurrent;
float lastSolarVoltage;
float lastSolarCurrent;
int lastBattPct = 0;
uint16_t lastlux;
float VccReference = 3.3 ;				// voltage reference for measurement, definitive init in setup

BH1750 lightSensor;
MySensor  gw(RADIO_CE_PIN, RADIO_SS_PIN);;
unsigned long SLEEP_TIME = 300*1000;  // sleep time between reads (seconds * 1000 milliseconds)
MyMessage msg(CHILD_ID_LIGHT, V_LIGHT_LEVEL);
MyMessage batteryVoltageMsg(BATT_CHILD_ID, V_VOLTAGE);		// Battery voltage (V)
MyMessage batteryCurrentMsg(BATT_CHILD_ID, V_CURRENT);		// Battery current (A)
MyMessage solarVoltageMsg(SOLAR_CHILD_ID, V_VOLTAGE);		// Solar voltage (V)
MyMessage solarCurrentMsg(SOLAR_CHILD_ID, V_CURRENT);		// Solar current (A)

int lastSoilValue = -1;

void setup()  
{ 
 
  gw.begin();

  // Send the sketch version information to the gateway and Controller
  gw.sendSketchInfo("Light Lux Sensor", "1.0");
  // Register all sensors to gw (they will be created as child devices)  
  gw.present(CHILD_ID_LIGHT, S_LIGHT_LEVEL);
  gw.present(BATT_CHILD_ID, S_POWER);						// Battery parameters
  gw.present(SOLAR_CHILD_ID, S_POWER);					// Solar parameters
  
  // use VCC (3.3V) reference
  analogReference(DEFAULT);								// default external reference = 3.3v for Ceech board
  VccReference = 3.323 ;									// measured Vcc input (on board LDO)
  pinMode(LTC4067_SUSPEND_PIN, OUTPUT);					// suspend of Lion charger set
  digitalWrite(LTC4067_SUSPEND_PIN,LOW);   			//  active (non suspend) at start

  lightSensor.begin();
}
 
void loop()     
{     

  sendVoltage();
  
  uint16_t lux = lightSensor.readLightLevel();// Get Lux value
  Serial.println(lux);
  if (lux != lastlux) {
      gw.send(msg.set(lux));
      lastlux = lux;
  } 
  
  // Power down the radio
  gw.sleep(SLEEP_TIME);
}

void sendVoltage(void)
// battery and charging values
{
	// get Battery Voltage & charge current
	float batteryVoltage = ((float)analogRead(batteryVoltage_PIN)* VccReference/1024) * 2;	// actual voltage is double
	Serial.print("Batt: ");
	Serial.print(batteryVoltage);
	Serial.print("V ; ");
	float batteryChargeCurrent = ((float)analogRead(batteryChargeCurrent_PIN) * VccReference/1024)/ 2.5 ; // current(A) = V/Rprog(kohm)
	Serial.print(batteryChargeCurrent);
	Serial.println("A ");

   
	// get Solar Voltage & charge current
	float solarVoltage = ((float)analogRead(solarVoltage_PIN)/1024 * VccReference) * 2 ;		// actual voltage is double
	Serial.print("Solar: ");
	Serial.print(solarVoltage);
	Serial.print("V ; ");
	// get Solar Current
	float solarCurrent = ((float)analogRead(solarCurrent_PIN)/1024 * VccReference)/ 2.5;		// current(A) = V/Rclprog(kohm)
	Serial.print(solarCurrent);
	Serial.print(" A; charge: ");
	Serial.println(digitalRead(LTC4067_CHRG_PIN)?"No":"Yes");
	
	// send battery percentage for node
	int battPct = 1 ;
	if (batteryVoltage > VccMin){
		battPct = 100.0*(batteryVoltage - VccMin)/(VccMax - VccMin);
	}
	Serial.print("BattPct: ");
	Serial.print(battPct);
	Serial.println("% ");

	gw.send(batteryVoltageMsg.set(batteryVoltage, 3));  		// Send (V)
	gw.send(batteryCurrentMsg.set(batteryChargeCurrent, 6));  	// Send (Amps)
	gw.send(solarVoltageMsg.set(solarVoltage, 3));  			// Send (V)
	gw.send(solarCurrentMsg.set(solarCurrent, 6));  			// Send (Amps)
	gw.sendBatteryLevel(battPct);
}

epierre

Batt: 3.94V ; 0.00A
Solar: 0.18V ; 0.00 A; charge: No
BattPct: 62%

Batt: 4.10V ; 0.00A
Solar: 0.55V ; 0.00 A; charge: No
BattPct: 85%

epierre

an idea maytbe, if I put sleep at 30 * 1000 it works, at 60 * 1000 infinite sleep... any idea ?

(I observed that on both units). It also loas the battery ...

Batt: 3.96V ; 0.00A
Solar: 0.55V ; 0.00 A; charge: No
BattPct: 65%
send: 14-14-0-0 s=10,c=1,t=38,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:3.959
send: 14-14-0-0 s=10,c=1,t=39,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:0.000000
send: 14-14-0-0 s=11,c=1,t=38,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:0.545
send: 14-14-0-0 s=11,c=1,t=39,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:0.000000
send: 14-14-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=0,pt=1,l=1,st=ok:65
22
send: 14-14-0-0 s=0,c=1,t=23,pt=3,l=2,st=ok:22
Batt: 3.97V ; 0.00A
Solar: 0.48V ; 0.00 A; charge: No
BattPct: 66%
send: 14-14-0-0 s=10,c=1,t=38,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:3.966
send: 14-14-0-0 s=10,c=1,t=39,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:0.000000
send: 14-14-0-0 s=11,c=1,t=38,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:0.480
send: 14-14-0-0 s=11,c=1,t=39,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:0.000000
send: 14-14-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=0,pt=1,l=1,st=ok:66
21
send: 14-14-0-0 s=0,c=1,t=23,pt=3,l=2,st=ok:21

ceech

@epierre
Solar voltage seems a bit low. Can you raise it? And see if the charging takes place?

epierre

sleep is the problem, it loads at 30s never above...

Batt: 4.06V ; 0.00A 
Solar: 2.56V ; 0.00 A; charge: No
BattPct: 79% 

Batt: 4.05V ; 0.00A 
Solar: 3.38V ; 0.00 A; charge: No
BattPct: 78%

on the other:

2015-07-05 20:32:40 14 10 1 0 38 4.024
2015-07-05 20:32:40 14 10 1 0 39 0.001298
2015-07-05 20:32:41 14 11 1 0 38 3.991
2015-07-05 20:32:42 14 11 1 0 39 0.000000
2015-07-05 20:32:42 14 255 3 0 0 74

2015-07-05 16:24:08 14 10 1 0 38 3.953
2015-07-05 16:24:08 14 10 1 0 39 0.001298
2015-07-05 16:24:09 14 11 1 0 38 4.731
2015-07-05 16:24:10 14 11 1 0 39 0.015577
2015-07-05 16:24:10 14 255 3 0 0 64

2015-07-05 18:55:40 14 10 1 0 38 4.050
2015-07-05 18:55:40 14 10 1 0 39 0.061008
2015-07-05 18:55:40 14 11 1 0 38 4.212
2015-07-05 18:55:42 14 11 1 0 39 0.066200
2015-07-05 18:55:42 14 255 3 0 0 78

One one of the two units I have issues on radio:

Batt: 4.05V ; 0.00A 
Solar: 1.80V ; 0.00 A; charge: No
BattPct: 78% 
send: 15-15-0-0 s=10,c=1,t=38,pt=7,l=5,st=fail:4.050
send: 15-15-0-0 s=10,c=1,t=39,pt=7,l=5,st=fail:0.001298
send: 15-15-0-0 s=11,c=1,t=38,pt=7,l=5,st=ok:1.804
send: 15-15-0-0 s=11,c=1,t=39,pt=7,l=5,st=fail:0.000000
send: 15-15-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=0,pt=1,l=1,st=fail:78

ceech

@epierre I'll ask @AWI, he may help.

AWI

Your circuit seems to be working correctly. I cannot figure out why the sleep time should influence the metering. I suggest you first test it with a minimal sketch to figure out this sleep issue.

epierre

@AWI What should I keep as minimal ? also any idea about the radio hazard ? I've changed several antennae and it is either half wrong or "check wire"

AWI

@epierre in a minimal sketch I would remove have it only send one message and give it enough println's to debug via serial. Check the voltages with a meter and let it run with an increasing sleep time. It could be one of those 'bad radios' which are discussed here on the forum.

For the charging part: it only charges a partly empty cell and the charge voltage should be high enough to let it happen.

Debugging is where the fun starts (if you are able to solve it)..

epierre

so the same without sensor nor mysensors... 30 secs fine 40 secs dead...

I've removed the radio chipset, same behavior...

/*
 
#include <SPI.h>

#include <Wire.h> 				// I2C


#define LTC4067_CHRG_PIN	A1		//analog input A1 on ATmega 328 is /CHRG signal from LTC4067
#define batteryVoltage_PIN	A0		//analog input A0 on ATmega328 is battery voltage ( /2)
#define solarVoltage_PIN	A2		//analog input A2 is solar cell voltage (/ 2)
#define solarCurrent_PIN	A6		//analog input A6 is input current ( I=V/Rclprog x 1000 )
#define batteryChargeCurrent_PIN	A7	//analog input A7 is battery charge current ( I=V/Rprog x 1000 )
#define LTC4067_SUSPEND_PIN	9		//digital output D9 - drive it high to put LTC4067 in SUSPEND mode

const float VccMin        = 1.0*3.5;  // Minimum expected Vcc level, in Volts. Example for 1 rechargeable lithium-ion.
const float VccMax        = 1.0*4.2;  // Maximum expected Vcc level, in Volts. 

#define LIGHT_SENSOR_ANALOG_PIN 3   // Digital input did you attach your soil sensor.  
#define CHILD_ID_LIGHT 0   // Id of the sensor child
#define BATT_CHILD_ID 10
#define SOLAR_CHILD_ID 11

// PIN Radio
#define RADIO_CE_PIN    7       // radio chip enable
#define RADIO_SS_PIN    8      // CS SS serial select

float lastBattVoltage;
float lastBattCurrent;
float lastSolarVoltage;
float lastSolarCurrent;
int lastBattPct = 0;
uint16_t lastlux;
float VccReference = 3.3 ;				// voltage reference for measurement, definitive init in setup


unsigned long SLEEP_TIME = 40*1000;  // sleep time between reads (seconds * 1000 milliseconds)

int lastSoilValue = -1;

void setup()  
{ 
 
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // use VCC (3.3V) reference
  analogReference(DEFAULT);								// default external reference = 3.3v for Ceech board
  VccReference = 3.323 ;									// measured Vcc input (on board LDO)
  pinMode(LTC4067_SUSPEND_PIN, OUTPUT);					// suspend of Lion charger set
  digitalWrite(LTC4067_SUSPEND_PIN,LOW);   			//  active (non suspend) at start

}
 
void loop()     
{     

  sendVoltage();
  
    
  // Power down the radio
 delay(SLEEP_TIME);
}

void sendVoltage(void)
// battery and charging values
{
	// get Battery Voltage & charge current
	float batteryVoltage = ((float)analogRead(batteryVoltage_PIN)* VccReference/1024) * 2;	// actual voltage is double
	Serial.print("Batt: ");
	Serial.print(batteryVoltage);
	Serial.print("V ; ");
	float batteryChargeCurrent = ((float)analogRead(batteryChargeCurrent_PIN) * VccReference/1024)/ 2.5 ; // current(A) = V/Rprog(kohm)
	Serial.print(batteryChargeCurrent);
	Serial.println("A ");

   
	// get Solar Voltage & charge current
	float solarVoltage = ((float)analogRead(solarVoltage_PIN)/1024 * VccReference) * 2 ;		// actual voltage is double
	Serial.print("Solar: ");
	Serial.print(solarVoltage);
	Serial.print("V ; ");
	// get Solar Current
	float solarCurrent = ((float)analogRead(solarCurrent_PIN)/1024 * VccReference)/ 2.5;		// current(A) = V/Rclprog(kohm)
	Serial.print(solarCurrent);
	Serial.print(" A; charge: ");
	Serial.println(digitalRead(LTC4067_CHRG_PIN)?"No":"Yes");
	
	// send battery percentage for node
	int battPct = 1 ;
	if (batteryVoltage > VccMin){
		battPct = 100.0*(batteryVoltage - VccMin)/(VccMax - VccMin);
	}
	Serial.print("BattPct: ");
	Serial.print(battPct);
	Serial.println("% ");

	
}

epierre

I've received a string of 10 radio chipset tonight and changing the component has no effect compared to the other board where radio is ok.

are you sure the problem is softare for what I see here is not dependant of a sophisticated library ?

I've learned recently of IAQ (incomming assurance quality) because Photon (formerly Sark) has been hit by a suppliers problem: https://community.particle.io/t/photon-manufacturing-shipping-update/12275

AWI

@epierre this sounds really weird. The delay() you used in this sketch does not sleep anything but just takes an active break. Can you measure the supply voltage on vcc to determine what is happening?

epierre

voltage was made through the ftdi...

I'll check again, but an interresting result, the unit with sending problems works well when used with the amplified nrf24l !!! ??? !!!

I've plugged it too with a 4000mAh LiPo battery I just received. I'll try later to play with sleep or delay

2015-07-09 15:14:04 15 10 1 0 38 4.128
2015-07-09 15:14:04 15 10 1 0 39 0.001298
2015-07-09 15:14:05 15 11 1 0 38 4.524
2015-07-09 15:14:06 15 11 1 0 39 0.003894
2015-07-09 15:14:06 15 255 3 0 0 89

AWI

@epierre said:

voltage was made through the ftdi...

Are you powering or measuring the unit from ftdi? You should only use the on-board power supply.

Solar Pannel and LiOn or Lipo

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