Hacking a Neato Robotics BotVac Connected

tbowmo

It seems (from a quick glance) that you need a USB host device, connected to that USB port.. So that would leave a standard arduino out of the question.

Perhaps an raspberry, or another higher end platform running an OS, could be used..

Yveaux

@kalle Chances are that the commands & format are identical for the newer wifi model -- companies tend not to reinvent the wheel for each product ;-)
You'd only have to find out how these commands are transfered to the BotVac.

Daniel Eriksson

What I have come up with so far is that the Neato it self is running a websocket server on port 8081 - and uses some kind of standard Auth-behavior in the headers,

Hypertext Transfer Protocol
GET /drive HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8081\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Key: XXXXXXX==\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n
Upgrade: websocket\r\n
Origin: ws://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8081/drive\r\n
Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2015 09:17:57 GMT\r\n
Authorization: NEATOAPP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\r\n
Connection: Upgrade\r\n
\r\n
[Full request URI: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8081/drive]
[HTTP request 1/1]

There also a port 8080 open but I can not figure out what's running on that one.

The communication between the Neato and the central server is handled via a server on Amazon - this traffis is HTTPS though. Next step is to set up a SSLSplit and hope that they don't have a pinned cert.

hek

Nice find @Daniel-Eriksson,

Do we really need to know what's happening between the Neato <-> Cloud?
My initial though was to mimic the app to poll status and send commands via the cloud service.

Daniel Eriksson

If we can figure out what's going on between Cloud <-> Neato we can do a version which is in depended on the Cloud-service being online or not - which also means that we can disallow it internet access

Brutus

That sounds like music to my ears. It is my device not Neato's

hek

@Daniel-Eriksson said:

If we can figure out what's going on between Cloud <-> Neato we can do a version which is in depended on the Cloud-service being online or not - which also means that we can disallow it internet access

:thumbsup:

gardebring

I recently ventured into writing some custom scripts both for my cloud connected home security system as well as my music streamer at home. It was quite easy to retrieve the commands needed from my android phone using an app I found called "Packet Capture" by the author Grey Shirts. Even https communication could be found. Perhaps this could be a way forward? Following this thread since I am considering getting a Botvac connected but failing to see the point if I would be dependent on a specific app on specific hardware..

hek

This won't be solved until I see a proper curl call ;)

Brutus

I have installed the Packet Capture app. But this isn't working I think.

When starting the capture, the app makes a VPN connection. This VPN is blocking some traffic for the Neato App because my bot doesn't come only in the app. When I shut the VPN connection the bot comes online after 3 seconds.

Going back to the capture I think we miss some vital information because of this block.

This is what I got so far form the app:

<--- (TEXT)
GET /sessions/check HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Token token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Accept: application/vnd.neato.beehive.v1+json
Content-type: application/json
X-Agent: android-22|SM-G928F|samsung|1.0.0|134
User-Agent: Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 5.1.1; SM-G928F Build/LMY47X)
Host: beehive.neatocloud.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip

---> (TEXT)
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Cowboy
Date: Wed, 30 Dec 2015 00:32:03 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Etag: W/"a3cdd45ce712890397436cafca38e79a"
Cache-Control: max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
X-Request-Id: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
X-Runtime: 0.022752
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
Content-Length: 39
Via: 1.1 vegur

---> (JSON)
{"current_time":"2015-12-30T00:32:04Z"}

<--- (TEXT)
GET /dashboard HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Token token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Accept: application/vnd.neato.beehive.v1+json
Content-type: application/json
X-Agent: android-22|SM-G928F|samsung|1.0.0|134
User-Agent: Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 5.1.1; SM-G928F Build/LMY47X)
Host: beehive.neatocloud.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip

---> (TEXT)
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Cowboy
Date: Wed, 30 Dec 2015 00:32:03 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Etag: W/"c390b2a69fb7b4a405c8637e86ff321a"
Cache-Control: max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
X-Request-Id: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
X-Runtime: 0.014884
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
Content-Length: 1337
Via: 1.1 vegur

---> (JSON)
{
"email":"xxxxx@xxxxx.nl",
"first_name":"xxxx",
"last_name":"xxxxxx",
"locale":"nl",
"newsletter":false,
"created_at":"2014-06-23T16:39:45Z",
"verified_at":"2015-05-25T13:19:08Z",
"robots": [
{
"serial":"xxxxxxxxxx",
"prefix":"SN",
"name":"xxxxxx",
"model":"BotVacConnected",
"secret_key":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"purchased_at":"2015-12-22T00:00:00Z",
"proof_of_purchase_url":"https://neatorobotics.s3.amazonaws.com/proof_of_purchases/xxxxxxxxxx/ProofOfPurchase.jpg",
"proof_of_purchase_generated_at":"2015-12-23T18:31:21Z",
"mac_address":"xxxxxxxxx",
"firmware":"2.0.0",
"created_at":"2015-11-11T20:10:38Z",
"linked_at":"2015-12-23T17:23:55Z"
}
],
"recent_firmwares":{}

}

xxxxxxxxx = personal data

Yveaux

Have a look here guys. This discussion seems and attempt to control the same vacuum cleaner.

hek

Hmm.. my german isn't great.. Have they found out something useful?

Brutus

I can read it a little bit but I think there isn't any usable information in that topic. Its more a overall discussion on the Botvac.

Yveaux

@hek said:

Have they found out something useful?

Not sure ;-)

Daniel Eriksson

I have gotten stuck now on my venture -

Trying to figure out how the Authorization is calculated when it comes to the communication with the Neato. Found a place in the Java-code which mentions the Authorization part but can not figure out where it comes from

com/neatorobotics/android/activities/robot/C0645j.java:~142

private void m5619R() {
    if (!NeatoApplication.f2866a) {
        m5646a();
        try {
            URI uri = new URI("ws://" + this.f3263d + ":" + this.f3264e + "/drive");
            String b = C0764a.m5847b();
            String str = this.f3262c.toLowerCase() + "\n" + b + "\n";
            Mac instance = Mac.getInstance("HmacSha256");
            instance.init(new SecretKeySpec(this.f3265f.getBytes(), "HmacSha256"));
            str = C0770g.m5880a(instance.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8"))).toLowerCase();
            Map hashMap = new HashMap();
            hashMap.put("Date", b);
            hashMap.put("Authorization", "NEATOAPP " + str);
            this.al = new C0655t(this, uri, new C0017f(), hashMap, 5000);
            this.al.m41a();
            new Thread(new C0661z(this)).start();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            C0767d.m5867a("ManualCleaningFragment", "Exception", e);
        }
    }

I have also found what String b is
com/neatorobotics/android/utils/C0764a.java:89: public static String m5847b() {

public static String m5847b() {
    Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
    instance.add(12, (int) (((C0742a.m5809b(NeatoApplication.m5360a(), "SERVER_DEVICE_TIME_DELTA_MILLIS", 0) * -1) / 1000) / 60));
    SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'", Locale.US);
    simpleDateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
    return simpleDateFormat.format(instance.getTime());
}

So what we need to figure out is the following variables:
this.f3262c.toLowerCase()
this.f3265f.getBytes() < I am pretty sure this is secret_key

when we crack these - we get closer to communicating with the central server

Brutus

Maybe I can help because I figured something out. I can get my computer in between the App and the Neato Botvac.

I have a Asus motherboard with a Wifi adapter. With the software "Wifi Engine" from Asus I can make a Access point in my computer.

So what I have done is disabled my home Wifi Netwerk and configured the Wifi of my computer the same as the home network. Both my phone and the Neato Bot connect to the Wifi point with my computer in between now.

I have installed Wireshark so I could capture some date between the app and the Neato.
Unfortunately I can't make anything out of the data. It's not like the "Packet Capture" app I installed on my phone you can see in my earlier post.

Someone any idea what I could do to help us out?

Daniel Eriksson

Already sniffed the Web Socket traffic - was the first thing I did. No sensible easy output - needs more analysing and so. Need to start on the end with reversing the control-part of the app to see what it does.

enlo

This is the code I found in the app. there is also a selfsigned certificate, which probably matches the robot.
So the reason why you can't make out anything useful in the traffic: It's SSL encrypted.

            HttpsURLConnection httpsURLConnection3 = (HttpsURLConnection) new URL(str2).openConnection();
            try {
                if ("neatoProduction".contains("vorwerk")) {
                    httpsURLConnection3.setSSLSocketFactory(C0751h.m5821a(0));
                }
                httpsURLConnection3.setConnectTimeout(60000);
                httpsURLConnection3.setReadTimeout(60000);
                if (str.equals("GET") || str.equals("DELETE")) {
                    httpsURLConnection3.setDoOutput(false);
                } else {
                    httpsURLConnection3.setDoOutput(true);
                }
                httpsURLConnection3.setRequestMethod(str);
                String a = C0742a.m5803a(NeatoApplication.m5360a(), "ACCESS_TOKEN");
                if (a != null) {
                    httpsURLConnection3.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Token token=" + a);
                }
                httpsURLConnection3.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/vnd.neato.beehive.v1+json");
                httpsURLConnection3.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
                httpsURLConnection3.setRequestProperty("X-Agent", C0765b.m5864f());```

Daniel Eriksson

@enlo That there isn't the problem - if you read my above post the problem is generating the HMAC correctly. I have already proxied the traffic from the app - since they don't used pinned certifications

kangguru

There's good news guys. I finally figured out how the HMAC signature is calculated and now i'm able to control the neato without the mobile application, which offers all kinds of new integration options.

What can be found in com/neatorobotics/android/activities/robot/C0645j.java is just half of the truth and i was looking at this part for way to long, i'm not sure where this part is used. maybe this would be the part where one can communicate with the neato without making use of the cloudservice. who knows ;)

The actual fun starts in com/neatorobotics/android/p040c/p042b/C0898b.java the code reveals that there are 3 ingredients making up the HMAC signature

the robot's serial number
the current date (as also found in the Date header)
the http body

Together with the robot's secret key we're now able to properly sign the requests.

I've packaged this in a small ruby library https://github.com/kangguru/botvac which is
quite basic and just covers just a little more than i needed for my usecase
but i'm happy to extend this over time.

Especially the part to obtain the secret key for the robot just be done via
trafic capturing, which is not the most convinent thing i can think of :)

I hope this already helps some people to build new things around their robot. I've mixed the
stuff with ifttt.com and now can plan the cleaning schedule via a google calendar, which
makes it really convinent to skip single days in a given schedule, which ist kinda painful to
solve with the mobile app.

happy hacking

Hacking a Neato Robotics BotVac Connected

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