STM32?

[mfalkvidd]

@alowhum said in STM32?:

Really? On the Arduino nano I'm always connecting it to pin 2. It says to do so in the guide?

Well the guide also says "The IRQ is currently not used by the MySensors library so it can be left un-connected."

[tekka]

@alowhum Perfect!

[PhracturedBlue]

FYI, I didn't check the work done by tekka, but I didn't file a pull request for my 'sleep' code. I have support for using low power mode (reduce current from ~40mA to 4mA during sleep) but I had issues with reliable wakeup, so I've just switched my code to all using delay loops.

Initially I was using these boards for my sensors, but there is very little benefit compared to a 3.,3V pro-mini for my usage cases, and the power is 10x more when running (and 100x more when idle without my sleep patches that don't work)

I don't have any sensors that need the extra horsepower of the STM32 personally. The one benefit I did realize is having a USB serial port which removes the need for USB->TTL.

[freynder]

Exactly what I was looking for, thank you!

I can't seem to get it to work though. I'll report my findings here in case it helps:

Platforms tested: platformio and arduino ide, I mainly use platformio
Hardware: blue pill with RFM69HW connected like this:
NSS <-> PA4
MOSI <-> PA7
MISO <-> PA6
SCK <-> PA5
DIO0 <-> PA3

Issues encountered:

1. undeclared values while compiling. I used the following workaround:

// Workaround for STM32 support
#define ADC_CR2_TSVREFE  (1 << 23) // from libopencm3
#define digitalPinToInterrupt(x) (x)

2. examples/SecurityPersonalizer does not seem to work. I use it to write the AES encryption key to EEPROM. However, I do not see any output when running the sketch. As a workaround I created a minimal sketch to write the key to EEPROM which seemed to work.
   Update: Looks like I was using an old sketch. Works correctly with updated sketch.

3. stm32 sensor is unable to connect to gateway:

22898 TSM:FAIL:RE-INIT
22898 TSM:INIT
22900 TSM:INIT:TSP OK
22901 TSM:FPAR
24120 TSF:MSG:SEND,255-255-255-255,s=255,c=3,t=7,pt=0,l=0,sg=0,ft=0,st=OK:
26121 !TSM:FPAR:NO REPLY

[freynder]

@freynder said in STM32?:

stm32 sensor is unable to connect to gateway:

After further testing, this seems to work now. I'm not exactly sure why unfortunately. I'm now using the new RFM69 library. I noticed that communication seems to fail after uploading the sketch over stlink, even when clicking the reset button. When disconnecting/reconnecting the usb power all works well. Maybe that was the issue previously as well.

[freynder]

@PhracturedBlue What hardware were you using? Did it include a power led and voltage regulator? According to http://www.stm32duino.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=658&start=40 it should be possible to put the Blue Pill in stop mode using 13µA while sleeping when eliminating these.

I'm also interested in using the blue pill for the included RTC to periodically send data (RSSI, battery level, etc). I understand that with the current MySensors API this is not supported. E.g. combining a 24 hour sleep with a light switch: when the light switch is triggered, the 24 hour sleep is interrupted and starts again from scratch, so it is impossible to combine external interrupts with time interrupts, unless I am missing something. I am hoping RTC alarms could provide a solution here.

[gohan]

@tekka do you think stm32 is sufficiently stable running mysensors or should I stick to the "old" pro mini for battery powered sensors? (Also considering the ota updates support)

[freynder]

@gohan There is no support yet for sleep, so battery powered out of the box will not work. I've been testing custom sleep function (STOP mode, external interrupts) and so far was able to run a blue pill + RFM69 with MySensors between 0.01 and 0.20 mA (inconsistent results, not sure yet why). A sketch with just blue pill ran consistently at 0.01 mA. Unfortunately my multimeter does not allow more accurate measurements.

[tekka]

@gohan As @freynder pointed out, sleeping and low power modes are currently not implemented - if you do not need the higher speed & additional features that come along with the stm32 I'd stick (for the moment) to at328p for battery-powered sensors.

[alowhum]

I thought I'd just share a complete sketch. This is a sketch for a Co2 and dust sensor using the STM32 blue pill.

/*
 * The MySensors Arduino library handles the wireless radio link and protocol
 * between your home built sensors/actuators and HA controller of choice.
 * The sensors forms a self healing radio network with optional repeaters. Each
 * repeater and gateway builds a routing tables in EEPROM which keeps track of the
 * network topology allowing messages to be routed to nodes.
 *
 * Created by Henrik Ekblad <henrik.ekblad@mysensors.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Sensnology AB
 * Full contributor list: https://github.com/mysensors/Arduino/graphs/contributors
 *
 * Documentation: http://www.mysensors.org
 * Support Forum: http://forum.mysensors.org
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 *******************************
 *
 *  DESCRIPTION
 *
 *  MH-Z19 CO2 sensor
 *  Uses infrared to measure Co2' absorbtion spectrum. Talks to the board over over serial 9600 on Serial1.
 *  
 *  PMS-7003
 *  This sensor uses a frickin' laser to measure lots of different fine dust levels, between 0.3 and 10 microns. 
 *  It can output the raw particle count for a certain particle size and up. Or it can give the official um/mg 
 *  measurement. Talks to the board over over serial 9600 on Serial2.
 *  
 *  
 *  NRF24 pins: b0 a7 a6 a5 a4 (and 3.3v power)
 *  MH-Z19 pins: a9 a1 (and 5v power)
 *  PMS7001 pins: a2 a3 (and 5v power)
 */



/* 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  PM sensor PMS7003 (fine dust)




Copyright 2017 Scapeler

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.    

*/

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// if you uncomment this, you can get test and debug updates about the sensor' wireless connection by using the serial monitor tool.
#define MY_DEBUG

// Enable and select radio type attached
#define MY_RADIO_NRF24                            // A 2.4Ghz transmitter and receiver, often used with MySensors.
#define MY_RF24_PA_LEVEL RF24_PA_MIN              // This sets a low-power mode for the radio. Useful if you use the verison with the bigger antenna, but don't want to power that from a separate power source. It can also fix problems with fake Chinese versions of the radio.
// #define MY_RADIO_RFM69                         // 433Mhz transmitter and reveiver.

// This is needed if you use an STM32 board:
#define MY_RF24_CE_PIN PB0

// Choose if you want this sensor to also be a repeater.
// #define MY_REPEATER_FEATURE                    // Just remove the two slashes at the beginning of this line to also enable this sensor to act as a repeater for other sensors. If this node is on battery power, you probably shouldn't enable this.

// Are you using this sensor on battery power?
// #define BATTERY_POWERED                        // Just remove the two slashes at the beginning of this line if your node is battery powered. It will then go into deep sleep as much as possible. While it's sleeping it can't work as a repeater!

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MySensors.h>

// Co2 sensor
#define CHILD_ID_CO2 0 // The Co2 sensor

// Dust sensor
#define CHILD_ID_DUST_PM03 1
//#define CHILD_ID_DUST_PM05 2
#define CHILD_ID_DUST_PM10 2 
#define CHILD_ID_DUST_PM25 3
#define CHILD_ID_DUST_PM50 4
#define CHILD_ID_DUST_PM100 5

// bool receivedConfig = false;                      // This is not used in the code, but perhaps MySensors requires this?
// bool metric = true;                               // Variable that stores if the sensor will output the temperature in Fahrenheit of Celsius. The gateway sends this preference to the node.


// Mysensors settings

// Co2
MyMessage msgCo2(CHILD_ID_CO2, V_LEVEL);
MyMessage msgCo2b(CHILD_ID_CO2, V_UNIT_PREFIX);

// Dust. If you want to get all the raw data, the commented lines are useful.
MyMessage msgDust03(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM03, V_LEVEL); // Sets up the message format that we'l be sending to the MySensors gateway later.
MyMessage msgDust03b(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM03, V_UNIT_PREFIX);
//MyMessage msgDust05(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM05, V_LEVEL); // Sets up the message format that we'l be sending to the MySensors gateway later.
//MyMessage msgDust05b(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM05, V_UNIT_PREFIX);
MyMessage msgDust10(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM10, V_LEVEL); // Sets up the message format that we'l be sending to the MySensors gateway later.
MyMessage msgDust10b(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM10, V_UNIT_PREFIX);
MyMessage msgDust25(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM25, V_LEVEL); // Sets up the message format that we'l be sending to the MySensors gateway later.
MyMessage msgDust25b(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM25, V_UNIT_PREFIX);
MyMessage msgDust50(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM50, V_LEVEL); // Sets up the message format that we'l be sending to the MySensors gateway later.
MyMessage msgDust50b(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM50, V_UNIT_PREFIX);
MyMessage msgDust100(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM100, V_LEVEL); // Sets up the message format that we'l be sending to the MySensors gateway later.
MyMessage msgDust100b(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM100, V_UNIT_PREFIX);



// These defines and variables can be changed:

// co2
unsigned long co2MeasurementInterval = 30000;        // Time to wait between reads (in milliseconds).
//float co2threshold = 0.1;   // How big a measurement difference has to be before an update is sent. Makes the sensor less precise, but also less jittery, and can save battery.

// dust
// Are you using this sensor on battery power?
// #define BATTERY_POWERED                        // Just remove the two slashes at the beginning of this line if your node is battery powered. It will then go into deep sleep as much as possible. While it's sleeping it can't work as a repeater!

int dustSlowDown = 20; // The dust sensor is internally checked approximately every 700 or 800 milliseconds. Once in how many loops should it send the data?

unsigned long dustMeasurementInterval = 700;  // This is a fickle thing. Changing it can give more time-outs.

// PROBABLE BEST NOT TO CHANGE THESE VARIABLES
// PMS7003 sensor - input byte variables
int inputHigh = 0;
int inputLow = 0;
// variable to caclulate checksum input variables
uint16_t inputChecksum = 0;
// sensor variables
uint16_t concPM1_0_CF1;
uint16_t concPM2_5_CF1;
uint16_t concPM10_0_CF1;
uint16_t concPM1_0_amb;
uint16_t concPM2_5_amb;
uint16_t concPM10_0_amb;
uint16_t rawGt0_3um;
uint16_t rawGt0_5um;
uint16_t rawGt1_0um;
uint16_t rawGt2_5um;
uint16_t rawGt5_0um;
uint16_t rawGt10_0um;
uint8_t  version;
uint8_t  errorCode;
uint16_t checksum;
int dustSlowDownCounter = 0;


void presentation()
{
  // Send the sketch version information to the gateway and Controller
  sendSketchInfo("AIQ Sensor CO2 MH-Z19 and Dust PMS-7003", "1.0");

  // Register all sensors to gateway (they will be created as child devices):

  // co2
  present(CHILD_ID_CO2, S_AIR_QUALITY);
  send(msgCo2b.set("ppm"));

  // dust
  //present(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM10, S_DUST);
  //send(msgPM10.set("ppm"));
  present(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM03, S_DUST);
  send(msgDust03b.set("um/m3"));    
  //present(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM05, S_DUST);
  //send(msgDust05b.set("pp/dl"));    
  present(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM10, S_DUST);
  send(msgDust10b.set("um/m3"));  
  present(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM25, S_DUST);
  send(msgDust25b.set("um/m3")); 
  present(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM100, S_DUST);
  send(msgDust100b.set("um/m3"));  
  present(CHILD_ID_DUST_PM50, S_DUST);
  send(msgDust50b.set("pp/dl"));   
}


void setup() {
     delay(1000);
   Serial.begin(115200);
     delay(1000);
   Serial1.begin(9600);       //C02 sensor read serial
       while (!Serial1) {
    }

    Serial2.begin(9600); // PMS7003 dust sensor read serial
      while (!Serial2) {
    }
        
   delay(2000);
   while (Serial1.read()!=-1) {};  //clear Co2 buffer.
   Serial.println("hello world, I am a sensor.");
}


void loop() {

   // You should not change these variables:
   static unsigned long previousCo2Millis = 0;       // Used to remember the time of the last temperature measurement.
   static unsigned long previousDustMillis = 0;       // Used to remember the time of the last temperature measurement.

   unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // The time since the sensor started, counted in milliseconds. This script tries to avoid using the Sleep function, so that it could at the same time be a MySensors repeater.

  // Co2 loop
  if (currentMillis - previousCo2Millis >= co2MeasurementInterval) {
    Serial.println("");
    Serial.println("CO2 - Sending data request to sensor.");
    previousCo2Millis = currentMillis;

    long co2ppm = readCO2();

    Serial.println("Co2 - PPM = " + String(co2ppm));
    send(msgCo2.set((long)ceil(co2ppm))); 
    Serial.print("Co2 - zzzzZZZZzzzzZZZZzzzz\n");
  }

  // The dust sensor sends its data continuously, so let's get that data.
  int dustSensorOutput = pms7003ReadData();
}


// MAIN FUNCTION THAT GETS THE Co2 DATA
int readCO2()
{
  while (Serial1.read()!=-1) {};  //clear buffer  

  char response[9]; // for answer
  byte cmd[9] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x79};
  
  // command to ask for data
  Serial1.write(cmd, 9); //request PPM CO2 

  Serial1.readBytes(response, 9);

    Serial.print(response[0], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");   
    Serial.print(response[1], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");    
    Serial.print(response[2], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");          
    Serial.print(response[3], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");          
    Serial.print(response[4], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");          
    Serial.print(response[5], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");        
    Serial.print(response[6], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");   
    Serial.print(response[7], HEX);   
    Serial.print(" - ");      
    Serial.print(response[8], HEX); 
    Serial.println(" - END");  

  if (response[0] != 0xFF)
  {
    Serial.println("Wrong starting byte from co2 sensor!");
    return -1;
  }

  if (response[1] != 0x86)
  {
    Serial.println("Wrong command from co2 sensor!");
    return -1;
  }

  int responseHigh = (int) response[2];
  int responseLow = (int) response[3];
  int ppm = (256 * responseHigh) + responseLow;
  
  return ppm;
}


// MAIN FUNCTION FOR THE DUST SENSOR, Thanks to Scapeler.nl
int pms7003ReadData() {
    
  // while (Serial2.read()!=-1) {};  //clear buffer

  if (Serial2.available() < 32) {
    if (Serial2.available() == 0) {
      delay(150);
      return -1;
    };
    if (Serial2.available() > 16) {
      delay(10);
      return -1;
    };
    if (Serial2.available() > 0) {
      delay(30);
      return -1;
    };
    delay(100);
    return -1;
  }
  if (Serial2.read() != 0x42) return -1;
  if (Serial2.read() != 0x4D) return -1;

  inputChecksum = 0x42 + 0x4D;

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  if (inputHigh != 0x00) return -1; 
  if (inputLow != 0x1c) return -1;    

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  concPM1_0_CF1 = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  concPM2_5_CF1 = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  concPM10_0_CF1 = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  concPM1_0_amb = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  concPM2_5_amb = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  concPM10_0_amb = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  rawGt0_3um = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  rawGt0_5um = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  rawGt1_0um = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  rawGt2_5um = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  rawGt5_0um = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputHigh + inputLow;
  rawGt10_0um = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);

  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputLow;
  version = inputLow;

  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  inputChecksum += inputLow;
  errorCode = inputLow;

  Serial.print("PMS7003;"); 

  // The measurement recalculated to micrograms per cubic meter, a common standard.
  Serial.print(concPM1_0_CF1);
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(concPM2_5_CF1);
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(concPM10_0_CF1);
  Serial.print(';'); 

  // The measurement recalculated to micrograms per cubic meter, a common standard. Not quite sure what the difference is..
  Serial.print(concPM1_0_amb);
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(concPM2_5_amb);
  Serial.print(';');     
  Serial.print(concPM10_0_amb);
  Serial.print(';');     

  // this is the 'raw' data that the sensor gathers internally, before it calculates the above values.
  Serial.print(rawGt0_3um); // This indicates total number or particles in 0.1 liter of air that have a diameter above 0.3um. This will be the biggest number, as it measures the most particles. But it's very imprecise: 50% accuracy..
  Serial.print(';');
  Serial.print(rawGt0_5um); // This indicates the total number or particles in 0.1 liter of air that have a diameter above 0.5um (so it will be a smaller count than the line above)
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(rawGt1_0um); // This indicates the total number or particles in 0.1 liter of air that have a diameter above 1 micron. And so on..
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(rawGt2_5um);
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(rawGt5_0um); // Acording to the datashet, at this point the accuracy has reached at 98%.
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(rawGt10_0um);
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(version);
  Serial.print(';'); 
  Serial.print(errorCode);
  Serial.println("---");
  
  inputHigh = Serial2.read();
  inputLow = Serial2.read();
  checksum = inputLow+(inputHigh<<8);
  if (checksum != inputChecksum) {
    Serial.print(';'); 
    Serial.print(checksum); 
    Serial.print(';'); 
    Serial.print(inputChecksum); 
  }
  //Serial.print('\n');

  // let's send a message with the results
  dustSlowDownCounter = dustSlowDownCounter + 1;
  if(dustSlowDownCounter > dustSlowDown){
    
    /*  MEASUREMENT  */
    if(rawGt1_0um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust1_0 = " + String(concPM1_0_CF1));
      send(msgDust10.set(concPM1_0_CF1,1));
    }         
    if(rawGt2_5um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust1_0 = " + String(concPM2_5_CF1));
      send(msgDust25.set(concPM2_5_CF1,1));
    }     
    if(rawGt10_0um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust1_0 = " + String(concPM10_0_CF1));
      send(msgDust100.set(concPM10_0_CF1,1));
    }     

    /*  RAW DATA  */            
    
    if(rawGt0_3um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust03 = " + String(rawGt0_3um));
      send(msgDust03.set(rawGt0_3um,1));
    }/*
    if(rawGt0_5um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust05 = " + String(rawGt0_5um));
      send(msgDust05.set(rawGt0_5um,1));
    }
    if(rawGt1_0um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust10 = " + String(rawGt1_0um));
      send(msgDust10.set(rawGt1_0um,1));
    }
    if(rawGt2_5um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust25 = " + String(rawGt2_5um));
      send(msgDust25.set(rawGt2_5um,1));
    }
    */
    if(rawGt5_0um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust50 = " + String(rawGt5_0um));
      send(msgDust50.set(rawGt5_0um,1));
    }      
    /*
    if(rawGt10_0um > 0){
      Serial.println(" Dust100 = " + String(rawGt10_0um));
      send(msgDust100.set(rawGt10_0um,1));
    }   
    */

    dustSlowDownCounter = 0;
  } // End of sensing message.

  delay(700);  // Data will come between 200 and 800 miliseconds. If you set this be be higher than 700 you will get checksum errors.
    
  return concPM2_5_CF1;
}

[gohan]

@alowhum do you mind posting the links to the sensors you used? I was planning to make a similar one

[freynder]

I just finished my first low power test implementation for STM32: a low power dual button sensor using RFM69 and external interrupts. It seems to work very well so far. My multimeter shows 0.01 mA sleep current, but I'm not sure how well this can be trusted.

The sketch can be found here: https://github.com/freynder/LowPowerButtons
It uses platformio IDE directory structure.

The modifications to MySensors (not complete/nicely implemented yet) can be found here: https://github.com/freynder/MySensors/tree/stm32f1_sleep
I hope to find time in the near future to clean it up + implement support for interrupts and contribute it to the project if not already available by then.

[alowhum]

@freynder awesome! I hope you find the time.
@gohan: just search for the sensors on Aliexpress, and then select "sort by: orders" to get get the most popular shops.

[RAD-X]

Nice work guys! STM32 is good for bigger projects, even consumption looks fine.
How is solved missing on-chip eeprom?

[SabineT]

When saying STM32 you have to specify which one you mean. The STM32L0 Series series has 2kB EEPROM on board.

[SabineT]

BTW: for battery powered nodes the STM32L0 series is the better solution (L means ultra-low-power)!

[Uhrheber]

How many STM32L0 boards < €2 are there?

[mfalkvidd]

@Uhrheber more than 60,000 in stock here, but if you want to purchase a complete board you will have to pay more.

[Uhrheber]

I said boards, not chips. Chips I can get a dime a dozen.
And as there aren't any cheap STM32L0 boards now, most people will stay with the blue pill.

[mfalkvidd]

@Uhrheber yep