SI7021 Multisensor - first try

[n3ro]

Hey folks,

i have just get some SI7021 modules. Now i want to replace all DHT sensors in my nodes with it.

But my problem is, that i dont understand how the si7021 is wired (PINs to read?) and used in the sketch.

old DHT sketch

https://github.com/n3roGit/MySensors_n3ro/blob/master/Multisensor_PIR_DHT_LDA_Battery/Multisensor_PIR_DHT_LDA_Battery.ino

new one with si7021

https://github.com/n3roGit/MySensors_n3ro/blob/master/Multisensor_PIR_SI7021_LDA_Battery/Multisensor_PIR_SI7021_LDA_Battery.ino

Any tipps for me?

regards,
n3ro

[tbowmo]

Look at the sensebender sketch, it uses the si7021.

But basically si7021 is a i2c device, the driver is already in the mysensors repository

[n3ro]

Thx for the comment. Could you explain it a little bit more please? I have seen the the sensorblend sketch

[m26872]

Here's my interpretation of sensbender's si7021 implementation (thx @tbowmo). Maybe you can get some inspiration.

/* Sketch with Si7021 and battery monitoring.
by m26872, 20151109 
*/
#include <MySensor.h>  
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SI7021.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <RunningAverage.h>

//#define DEBUG

#ifdef DEBUG
#define DEBUG_SERIAL(x) Serial.begin(x)
#define DEBUG_PRINT(x) Serial.print(x)
#define DEBUG_PRINTLN(x) Serial.println(x)
#else
#define DEBUG_SERIAL(x)
#define DEBUG_PRINT(x) 
#define DEBUG_PRINTLN(x) 
#endif

#define NODE_ID 131             // <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<   Enter Node_ID
#define CHILD_ID_TEMP 0
#define CHILD_ID_HUM 1
// #define SLEEP_TIME 15000 // 15s for DEBUG
#define SLEEP_TIME 300000   // 5 min
#define FORCE_TRANSMIT_CYCLE 36  // 5min*12=1/hour, 5min*36=1/3hour 
#define BATTERY_REPORT_CYCLE 2880   // Once per 5min   =>   12*24*7 = 2016 (one report/week)
#define VMIN 1900
#define VMAX 3300
#define HUMI_TRANSMIT_THRESHOLD 3.0  // THRESHOLD tells how much the value should have changed since last time it was transmitted.
#define TEMP_TRANSMIT_THRESHOLD 0.5
#define AVERAGES 2

int batteryReportCounter = BATTERY_REPORT_CYCLE - 1;  // to make it report the first time.
int measureCount = 0;
float lastTemperature = -100;
int lastHumidity = -100;

RunningAverage raHum(AVERAGES);
SI7021 humiditySensor;

MySensor gw;
MyMessage msgTemp(CHILD_ID_TEMP,V_TEMP); // Initialize temperature message
MyMessage msgHum(CHILD_ID_HUM,V_HUM);

void setup() {
  DEBUG_SERIAL(115200);    
  DEBUG_PRINTLN("Serial started");
  
  DEBUG_PRINT("Voltage: ");
  DEBUG_PRINT(readVcc()); 
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(" mV");
/*
  delay(500);
  DEBUG_PRINT("Internal temp: ");
  DEBUG_PRINT(GetInternalTemp()); // Probably not calibrated. Just to print something.
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(" *C");
*/  
  delay(500); // Allow time for radio if power useed as reset
  gw.begin(NULL,NODE_ID);
  gw.sendSketchInfo("EgTmpHumBat5min", "1.0 151106"); 
  gw.present(CHILD_ID_TEMP, S_TEMP);   // Present sensor to controller
  gw.present(CHILD_ID_HUM, S_HUM);
  DEBUG_PRINT("Node and "); DEBUG_PRINTLN("2 children presented.");
  
  raHum.clear();
  
}

void loop() { 

  measureCount ++;
  batteryReportCounter ++;
  bool forceTransmit = false;
  
  if (measureCount > FORCE_TRANSMIT_CYCLE) {
	forceTransmit = true; 
  }
  sendTempHumidityMeasurements(forceTransmit);
/*
  // Read and print internal temp
  float temperature0 = static_cast<float>(static_cast<int>((GetInternalTemp()+0.5) * 10.)) / 10.;
  DEBUG_PRINT("Internal Temp: "); DEBUG_PRINT(temperature0); DEBUG_PRINTLN(" *C");        
*/
  // Check battery
  if (batteryReportCounter >= BATTERY_REPORT_CYCLE) {
	long batteryVolt = readVcc();
	DEBUG_PRINT("Battery voltage: "); DEBUG_PRINT(batteryVolt); DEBUG_PRINTLN(" mV");
	uint8_t batteryPcnt = constrain(map(batteryVolt,VMIN,VMAX,0,100),0,255);   
	DEBUG_PRINT("Battery percent: "); DEBUG_PRINT(batteryPcnt); DEBUG_PRINTLN(" %");
	gw.sendBatteryLevel(batteryPcnt);
	batteryReportCounter = 0;
  }
  
  gw.sleep(SLEEP_TIME);
}

// function for reading Vcc by reading 1.1V reference against AVcc. Based from http://provideyourown.com/2012/secret-arduino-voltmeter-measure-battery-voltage/
// To calibrate reading replace 1125300L with scale_constant = internal1.1Ref * 1023 * 1000, where internal1.1Ref = 1.1 * Vcc1 (per voltmeter) / Vcc2 (per readVcc() function) 
long readVcc() {
  // set the reference to Vcc and the measurement to the internal 1.1V reference
  ADMUX = _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1);
  delay(2); // Wait for Vref to settle
  ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC); // Start conversion
  while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA,ADSC)); // measuring
  uint8_t low  = ADCL; // must read ADCL first - it then locks ADCH  
  uint8_t high = ADCH; // unlocks both
  long result = (high<<8) | low;
  result = 1125300L / result; // Calculate Vcc (in mV); 1125300 = 1.1*1023*1000
  return result; // Vcc in millivolts
}
// function for reading internal temp. From http://playground.arduino.cc/Main/InternalTemperatureSensor 
double GetInternalTemp(void) {  // (Both double and float are 4 byte in most arduino implementation)
  unsigned int wADC;
  double t;
  // The internal temperature has to be used with the internal reference of 1.1V. Channel 8 can not be selected with the analogRead function yet.
  ADMUX = (_BV(REFS1) | _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX3));   // Set the internal reference and mux.
  ADCSRA |= _BV(ADEN);  // enable the ADC
  delay(20);            // wait for voltages to become stable.
  ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC);  // Start the ADC
  while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA,ADSC));   // Detect end-of-conversion
  wADC = ADCW;   // Reading register "ADCW" takes care of how to read ADCL and ADCH.
  t = (wADC - 88.0 ) / 1.0;   // The default offset is 324.31.
  return (t);   // The returned temperature in degrees Celcius.
}

/*********************************************
 * * Sends temperature and humidity from Si7021 sensor
 * Parameters
 * - force : Forces transmission of a value (even if it's the same as previous measurement)
 *********************************************/
void sendTempHumidityMeasurements(bool force) {
  bool tx = force;

  si7021_env data = humiditySensor.getHumidityAndTemperature();
  
  float temperature = data.celsiusHundredths / 100.0;
  DEBUG_PRINT("T: ");DEBUG_PRINTLN(temperature);
  float diffTemp = abs(lastTemperature - temperature);
  DEBUG_PRINT(F("TempDiff :"));DEBUG_PRINTLN(diffTemp);
  if (diffTemp > TEMP_TRANSMIT_THRESHOLD || tx) {
	gw.send(msgTemp.set(temperature,1));
	lastTemperature = temperature;
	measureCount = 0;
	DEBUG_PRINTLN("T sent!");
  }
  
  int humidity = data.humidityPercent;
  DEBUG_PRINT("H: ");DEBUG_PRINTLN(humidity);
  raHum.addValue(humidity);
  humidity = raHum.getAverage();  // MA sample imply reasonable fast sample frequency
  float diffHum = abs(lastHumidity - humidity);  
  DEBUG_PRINT(F("HumDiff  :"));DEBUG_PRINTLN(diffHum); 
  if (diffHum > HUMI_TRANSMIT_THRESHOLD || tx) {
	gw.send(msgHum.set(humidity));
	lastHumidity = humidity;
	measureCount = 0;
	DEBUG_PRINTLN("H sent!");
  }

}

[n3ro]

Big THX,

now i have understand how to use the si7021

Reading works great!

But the sleeping current is very high ~1500uA

[n3ro]

@m26872 said:

#define DEBUG

btw. this #define DEBUG is a very cool idea!!!

But i get a serial output if DEBUG is not definded

[m26872]

@n3ro said:

But the sleeping current is very high ~1500uA

Mine sleeps at 11uA.

#define DEBUG is a very cool idea!!!

I think I stole it from @BulldogLowell. Credit to him if so.

i get a serial output if DEBUG is not definded

You also have the "define DEBUG" in the mysensors config-file. Is it that serial output you're referring to?

[n3ro]

@m26872 said:

You also have the "define DEBUG" in the mysensors config-file. Is it that serial output you're referring to?

Yes the serial output. whats to do to put it in the mysensors config?

[n3ro]

Yeah. now the new node works and the sleep current is about ~240aA.

But i still not understand why i get debug outout on serial if debug isn definded^^

[tbowmo]

@n3ro

Sorry didn't come around to answer you, but it seems that others picked up on my hint

Have you uncommented #define DEBUG line in MyConfig.h? If not, then that's why there is still debug..

[n3ro]

Perfect

// Enable debug flag for debug prints. This will add a lot to the size of the final sketch but good
// to see what is actually is happening when developing
//#define DEBUG

[n3ro]

@tbowmo
why i cant see the debug information "ratio failed" or sending commands if debug is only enabled in the sketch?

[korttoma]

Speaking of the Si021, has anyone tried to use 2 Si7021 sensors on the same node?

[AWI]

@korttoma I would expect it does not work because these use the same I2C address...

[tbowmo]

@n3ro

It's the way that the libraries are build.. They don't care about how your defines are in your sketch (unless you are on dev branch of the mysensors library.. We are bending arduino build system in that one)

@korttoma

Si7021 has a fixed i2c bus address, so only one can exists on each i2c bus. You could of course use bitbanging to create a second one. But why do you want to have multiple Si7021 on one node?

[korttoma]

@tbowmo said:

But why do you want to have multiple Si7021 on one node?

I was going to use a sensbender node in a location where I would have needed to use an external sensor and instead of attempting to remove the Si7021 from the sensbender I would have just added another (external) one if it was possible. Is there any other temperature sensor that is as good as the Si7021 in battery applications that I could use instead?

[riataman]

@n3ro said:

Big THX,

now i have understand how to use the si7021

Reading works great!

But the sleeping current is very high ~1500uA

If you got this breakout: http://www.aliexpress.com/item/Industrial-High-Precision-Si7021-Humidity-Sensor-with-I2C-Interface-for-Arduino/32340228487.html?ws_ab_test=searchweb201556_1_79_78_77_80,searchweb201644_5,searchweb201560_1 it includes a 3.3v regulator and level shifting so you can actually use the sensor with a 5v arduino but it consumes quite a bit of current (60uA in the ones I got) even when idling.

What I did was desolder the regulator and solder a small wire to bypass it (sorry for potato quality pic).

Then I ordered this breakout for future nodes: http://www.aliexpress.com/item/New-HTU21D-Temperature-and-Humidity-Sensor-Module/1970355069.html?ws_ab_test=searchweb201556_1_79_78_77_80,searchweb201644_5,searchweb201560_1 that one doesn't seem to include any additional circuits (other than the pull up resistor and safety? resistor).

[riataman]

@korttoma said:

Speaking of the Si021, has anyone tried to use 2 Si7021 sensors on the same node?

Since the i2c address is hardcoded I see two ways of doing this:

1. Power the two sensors from gpio pins (instead of connecting them to vcc, connect each to a separate gpio pin), when you want to read one sensor you put one high and the other low. I'm not really sure if this will work at all.

2. Use a soft i2c library like this one: https://github.com/todbot/SoftI2CMaster that way you have two sets of i2c pins. I'm pretty sure this one should work.

[n3ro]

@riataman said:

with a 5v arduino

Hey
the operating voltage of this component is 1.9 to 3,6 v. not 5v

But the idea to remove the regulator to save a little bit energy is cool. i will try it

[riataman]

@n3ro said:

@riataman said:

with a 5v arduino

Hey
the operating voltage of this component is 1.9 to 3,6 v. not 5v

That's true for the individual SI7021 IC, but in the breakout the regulator steps down the voltage to 5v and additional circuitry does 3.3<->5v level shifting. I have tested that particular breakout with a 5v arduino and it works just fine.

[dakky]

does the sleeping current come down to an acceptable level when removing the regulator? 1500uA is quite much for a battery powered node.

[n3ro]

@dakky said:

1500uA

The sleeping current is ~240uA.

But it's possible to tune it a little bit more.

[dakky]

hmm ok 240uA is better of course, but still far away from

@m26872 said:

Mine sleeps at 11uA.

[n3ro]

@dakky Yes, this is because of the multiple sensors on my board. maybe somebody have more tuning tipps.

[Maciej Kulawik]

@riataman said:

Then I ordered this breakout for future nodes: http://www.aliexpress.com/item/New-HTU21D-Temperature-and-Humidity-Sensor-Module/1970355069.html?ws_ab_test=searchweb201556_1_79_78_77_80,searchweb201644_5,searchweb201560_1 that one doesn't seem to include any additional circuits (other than the pull up resistor and safety? resistor).

Thanks for tip!
Unfortunatelly quite expensive. I bought my Si7021 modules on ali for 2,9$.

And what chip is used on this HTU21D module? Si2071 too?
If not, what library is to be used to communicate?

[GertSanders]

Adafruit have a library for the htu21d which works well with Mysensors