RS485/RS232/Serial transport class for mysensors.org

radekzm

I made a test: did the system sends data from the sensor DHT22 to the rail 485 using only library AltSoftSerial and everything works properly. So the connection is ok.
I used the same libraries:

#include <AltSoftSerial.h>

The same connections:
http://cmss.pl/arduino/MySensor_RS485_test02_a.JPG
alt text

A ) RS485 Gatwaey (arduino nano):
http://cmss.pl/arduino/MySensor_RS485_test02_b.JPG
alt text

#define MY_RS485_DE_PIN 2

DE and RE -> Pin 2
RO -> Pin 8
DI -> Pin 9
Uploaded example MySensors Gatwey 485 and own code.

B ) RS485 Sensor DHT22 (arduino nano):
http://cmss.pl/arduino/MySensor_RS485_test02_c.JPG
alt text

#define MY_RS485_DE_PIN 2

DE and RE -> Pin 2
RO -> Pin 8
DI -> Pin 9

Unfortunately, nothing works, no reaction, empty on debug console.

Any ideas what could be wrong, what to check ???

hek

Sorry to hear, I still haven't verified this so there might be problems.
It's this file that should be of interest:

https://github.com/mysensors/Arduino/blob/development/libraries/MySensors/core/MyTransportRS485.cpp

Would be excellent if you had the time to debug it.

radekzm

@hek
Ok I will try.

finezza

Hi I've tried a couple of months ago with success.
Maybe you have to connect also the GND cable each other.

Bye

Michal

Hi,
I have tired similar configuration as radekzm.
2 x Arduino nano connected via RS485 and is looks like only rs485 is not working so my question is; How to verified that connection between to arduinos using library AltSoftSerial is ok ?

Are this connections PIN <-> RS485 (below) OK ?

DE and RE -> Pin 2
RO -> Pin 8
DI -> Pin 9

And below example is working fine (SoftwareSerial.h library)

https://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/SoftwareSerialRS485Example

radekzm

@Michal

I'll help when I get back from work.

elmarculino

@LeoDesigner
I'm trying a Gateway & 4 relays/4 switches configuration using 1.5.2 version. As @Michal my configuration works fine with this example: https://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/SoftwareSerialRS485Example

Anything wrong with my sketches?

Gateway:

/**
 * The MySensors Arduino library handles the wireless radio link and protocol
 * between your home built sensors/actuators and HA controller of choice.
 * The sensors forms a self healing radio network with optional repeaters. Each
 * repeater and gateway builds a routing tables in EEPROM which keeps track of the
 * network topology allowing messages to be routed to nodes.
 *
 * Created by Henrik Ekblad <henrik.ekblad@mysensors.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Sensnology AB
 * Full contributor list: https://github.com/mysensors/Arduino/graphs/contributors
 *
 * Documentation: http://www.mysensors.org
 * Support Forum: http://forum.mysensors.org
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 *******************************
 *
 * DESCRIPTION
 * The ArduinoGateway prints data received from sensors on the serial link. 
 * The gateway accepts input on seral which will be sent out on radio network.
 *
 * The GW code is designed for Arduino Nano 328p / 16MHz
 *
 * Wire connections (OPTIONAL):
 * - Inclusion button should be connected between digital pin 3 and GND  
 * - RX/TX/ERR leds need to be connected between +5V (anode) and digital pin 6/5/4 with resistor 270-330R in a series
 *
 * LEDs (OPTIONAL):
 * - To use the feature, uncomment WITH_LEDS_BLINKING in MyConfig.h
 * - RX (green) - blink fast on radio message recieved. In inclusion mode will blink fast only on presentation recieved
 * - TX (yellow) - blink fast on radio message transmitted. In inclusion mode will blink slowly
 * - ERR (red) - fast blink on error during transmission error or recieve crc error 
 * 
 */

#define NO_PORTB_PINCHANGES  

#include <MySigningNone.h>
#include <MyTransportRFM69.h>
//#include <MyTransportNRF24.h>
//#include <MyHwATMega328.h>
#include <MySigningAtsha204Soft.h>
#include <MySigningAtsha204.h>
#include <SerialTransport.h>

#include <SPI.h>  
#include <MyParserSerial.h>  
#include <MySensor.h>  
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <PinChangeInt.h>
#include "GatewayUtil.h"

#define INCLUSION_MODE_TIME 1 // Number of minutes inclusion mode is enabled
#define INCLUSION_MODE_PIN  3 // Digital pin used for inclusion mode button
#define RADIO_ERROR_LED_PIN 4  // Error led pin
#define RADIO_RX_LED_PIN    6  // Receive led pin
#define RADIO_TX_LED_PIN    5  // the PCB, on board LED

// NRFRF24L01 radio driver (set low transmit power by default) 
//MyTransportNRF24 transport(RF24_CE_PIN, RF24_CS_PIN, RF24_PA_LEVEL_GW);
//MyTransportRFM69 transport;
MyTransportSerial transport(Serial,AUTO,2);

// Message signing driver (signer needed if MY_SIGNING_FEATURE is turned on in MyConfig.h)
//MySigningNone signer;
//MySigningAtsha204Soft signer;
//MySigningAtsha204 signer;

// Hardware profile 
MyHwATMega328 hw;

// Construct MySensors library (signer needed if MY_SIGNING_FEATURE is turned on in MyConfig.h)
// To use LEDs blinking, uncomment WITH_LEDS_BLINKING in MyConfig.h
#ifdef WITH_LEDS_BLINKING
MySensor gw(transport, hw /*, signer*/, RADIO_RX_LED_PIN, RADIO_TX_LED_PIN, RADIO_ERROR_LED_PIN);
#else
MySensor gw(transport, hw /*, signer*/);
#endif

char inputString[MAX_RECEIVE_LENGTH] = "";    // A string to hold incoming commands from serial/ethernet interface
int inputPos = 0;
boolean commandComplete = false;  // whether the string is complete

void parseAndSend(char *commandBuffer);

void output(const char *fmt, ... ) {
   va_list args;
   va_start (args, fmt );
   vsnprintf_P(serialBuffer, MAX_SEND_LENGTH, fmt, args);
   va_end (args);
   Serial.print(serialBuffer);
}

  
void setup()  
{ 
  gw.begin(incomingMessage, 0, true, 0);

  setupGateway(INCLUSION_MODE_PIN, INCLUSION_MODE_TIME, output);

  // Add interrupt for inclusion button to pin
  PCintPort::attachInterrupt(pinInclusion, startInclusionInterrupt, RISING);


  // Send startup log message on serial
  serial(PSTR("0;0;%d;0;%d;Gateway startup complete.\n"),  C_INTERNAL, I_GATEWAY_READY);
}

void loop()  
{ 
  gw.process();

  checkButtonTriggeredInclusion();
  checkInclusionFinished();
  
  if (commandComplete) {
    // A command wass issued from serial interface
    // We will now try to send it to the actuator
    parseAndSend(gw, inputString);
    commandComplete = false;  
    inputPos = 0;
  }
}


/*
  SerialEvent occurs whenever a new data comes in the
 hardware serial RX.  This routine is run between each
 time loop() runs, so using delay inside loop can delay
 response.  Multiple bytes of data may be available.
 */
void serialEvent() {
  while (Serial.available()) {
    // get the new byte:
    char inChar = (char)Serial.read(); 
    // if the incoming character is a newline, set a flag
    // so the main loop can do something about it:
    if (inputPos<MAX_RECEIVE_LENGTH-1 && !commandComplete) { 
      if (inChar == '\n') {
        inputString[inputPos] = 0;
        commandComplete = true;
      } else {
        // add it to the inputString:
        inputString[inputPos] = inChar;
        inputPos++;
      }
    } else {
       // Incoming message too long. Throw away 
        inputPos = 0;
    }
  }
}

4 relays / 4 switches

/*
  State change detection (edge detection)

 Often, you don't need to know the state of a digital input all the time,
 but you just need to know when the input changes from one state to another.
 For example, you want to know when a button goes from OFF to ON.  This is called
 state change detection, or edge detection.

 This example shows how to detect when a button or button changes from off to on
 and on to off.

 The circuit:
 * pushbutton attached to pin 2 from +5V
 * 10K resistor attached to pin 2 from ground
 * LED attached from pin 13 to ground (or use the built-in LED on
   most Arduino boards)

 created  27 Sep 2005
 modified 30 Aug 2011
 by Tom Igoe

This example code is in the public domain.

 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ButtonStateChange

 */

#include <MySigningNone.h>
//#include <MyTransportNRF24.h>
//#include <MyTransportRFM69.h>
#include <SerialTransport.h>
#include <MyHwATMega328.h>
#include <MySensor.h>
#include <SPI.h>

// this constant won't change:
int buttonPin[] = {9, 10, 11, 12};          // array of pins that the pushbutton is attached to
int relayPin[] = {3, 4, 5, 6};           // array of pins that the relay is attached to
int pinCount = 4;                  // number of buttons/relays attached

// Variables will change:
int buttonState[] = {0, 0};         // current state of the button
int lastButtonState[] = {0, 0};     // previous state of the button

#define RELAY_ON 1
#define RELAY_OFF 0
int relayState[] = {RELAY_OFF, RELAY_OFF};   // counter for the number of button presses


// NRFRF24L01 radio driver (set low transmit power by default) 
MyTransportSerial transport(Serial,AUTO,2); 
//MyTransportRFM69 radio;
// Message signing driver (none default)
//MySigningNone signer;
// Select AtMega328 hardware profile
MyHwATMega328 hw;
// Construct MySensors library
MySensor gw(transport, hw);

void setup() 
{
  // Initialize library and add callback for incoming messages
  gw.begin(incomingMessage, AUTO, true);
  // Send the sketch version information to the gateway and Controller
  gw.sendSketchInfo("Relays & Buttons", "1.0");
  
  for (int i = 0; i < pinCount; i++) {
    // Register all sensors to gw (they will be created as child devices)
    gw.present(buttonPin[i], S_LIGHT);
    gw.present(relayPin[i], S_LIGHT);
    
    // initialize the button pin as a input:
    pinMode(buttonPin[i], INPUT);
    digitalWrite(buttonPin[i], 0);
    // initialize the relay as an output:
    pinMode(relayPin[i], OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(relayPin[i], gw.loadState(i)?RELAY_ON:RELAY_OFF);
  }
}


void loop() {
  // Alway process incoming messages whenever possible
  gw.process();
  
  for (int i = 0; i < pinCount; i++) {
    MyMessage msg(relayPin[i], V_LIGHT);
    buttonState[i] = digitalRead(buttonPin[i]);

    if (buttonState[i] != lastButtonState[i]) {
      if (buttonState[i] == 1) {
//         gw.send(msg.set(relayState[i]==RELAY_ON ? RELAY_OFF : RELAY_ON));
//          if(relayState[i]==RELAY_ON) gw.send(msg.set(RELAY_OFF));
//          else                        gw.send(msg.set(RELAY_ON));
          if(relayState[i]==RELAY_ON) relayState[i]=RELAY_OFF;
          else                        relayState[i]=RELAY_ON;
      }
      lastButtonState[i] = buttonState[i];
    }
    digitalWrite(relayPin[i], relayState[i]);
  }
}


void incomingMessage(const MyMessage &message) {
  // We only expect one type of message from controller. But we better check anyway.
  if (message.type==V_LIGHT) {
      for (int i = 0; i < pinCount; i++) {
        // digitalWrite(message.sensor-1+relayPin[1], message.getBool()?RELAY_ON:RELAY_OFF);
      }
   } 
}

LeoDesigner

@elmarculino
In Gateway:

#include <MyTransportRFM69.h>
//#include <MyTransportNRF24.h>
//#include <MyHwATMega328.h>
...
MyTransportSerial transport(Serial,AUTO,2);

Should be:

//#include <MyTransportRFM69.h>
//#include <MyTransportNRF24.h>
#include <MyHwATMega328.h>
....
MyTransportSerial transport(Serial,0,2);

In 4relay / 4 switches:
Personally I am assigning a static ID to nodes, so I did not tested an AUTO option in gw.init. However I think this it should work. Also make sure you are downloaded a latest Serial transport class from github with some minor corrections.

elmarculino

@LeoDesigner
Thanks for the help. I made the changes you pointed out, but still no lucky. What controller are you using? This should work in a direct crossover connection too?

LeoDesigner

@elmarculino
I am using a custom controller based on the node-red, mqtt broker and homeassitant with mqtt bindings. But this is not essential - you can use 'nc GW_IP GW_PORT' from unix command line to issue commands to gateway directly. Try to separate your basic building blocks to smallest parts and then debug it.

elmarculino

@LeoDesigner I still could not make it work in 1.5.2 with your library, but I will keep trying. Thanks!

@hek I finally could make a gateway / sensor (Humidity) connection via RS485 using the development branch. Is any Controller compatible with the development branch? Thanks!

0;255;3;0;9;Starting gateway (RSNGA-, 2.0.0-beta)
0;255;3;0;9;Radio init successful.
0;255;3;0;14;Gateway startup complete.
0;255;3;0;9;Init complete, id=0, parent=0, distance=0
0;255;3;0;9;read: 1-1-0 s=0,c=1,t=1,pt=7,l=5,sg=0:44.0
1;0;1;0;1;44.0
0;255;3;0;9;read: 1-1-0 s=0,c=1,t=1,pt=7,l=5,sg=0:43.0
1;0;1;0;1;43.0
0;255;3;0;9;read: 1-1-0 s=0,c=1,t=1,pt=7,l=5,sg=0:44.0
1;0;1;0;1;44.0
0;255;3;0;9;read: 1-1-0 s=1,c=1,t=0,pt=7,l=5,sg=0:27.0
1;1;1;0;0;27.0

hek

Great to hear. Did you need to make any adjustments?

Yes, the serial protocol is backward compatible. So any controller should work as good.

elmarculino

@hek None. Works out of the box. But I could not make it work with Home Assistant.

Pin 9 >>> DI
Pin 8 >>> RO
Pin 2 >>> DE and RE

INFO:mysensors.mysensors:/dev/ttyUSB0 is open...
INFO:mysensors.mysensors:Connected to /dev/ttyUSB0
INFO:mysensors.mysensors:n:0 c:255 t:3 s:9 p:read: 1-1-0 s=0,c=1,
WARNING:mysensors.mysensors:Error decoding message from gateway, probably received bad byte.
WARNING:mysensors.mysensors:Error decoding message from gateway, probably received bad byte.
WARNING:mysensors.mysensors:Error decoding message from gateway, probably received bad byte.```

elmarculino

@LeoDesigner My 1.5.2 RS485 Humidity sensor send the same messages as the example Humidity sketch, but shows a lot of 'X' and '?' characters at 115200 in Serial Console.

The console with the example Humidity sketch is clean:

sensor started, id=1, parent=0, distance=1
send: 1-1-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=11,pt=0,l=8,sg=0,st=ok:Humidity
send: 1-1-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=12,pt=0,l=3,sg=0,st=ok:1.0
send: 1-1-0-0 s=0,c=0,t=7,pt=0,l=0,sg=0,st=ok:
send: 1-1-0-0 s=1,c=0,t=6,pt=0,l=0,sg=0,st=ok:
send: 1-1-0-0 s=1,c=1,t=0,pt=7,l=5,sg=0,st=ok:26.0
T: 26.00
send: 1-1-0-0 s=0,c=1,t=1,pt=7,l=5,sg=0,st=ok:44.0
H: 44.00

Do you know what can be causing it? Am I doing anything wrong, again?

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MySensor.h>  
#include <DHT.h>  
#include <MyHwATMega328.h>
#include <SerialTransport.h>

#define CHILD_ID_HUM 0
#define CHILD_ID_TEMP 1
#define HUMIDITY_SENSOR_DIGITAL_PIN 3
unsigned long SLEEP_TIME = 30000; // Sleep time between reads (in milliseconds)

MyTransportSerial transport(Serial,5,2); 
MyHwATMega328 hw;
MySensor gw(transport, hw);
DHT dht;
float lastTemp;
float lastHum;
boolean metric = true; 
MyMessage msgHum(CHILD_ID_HUM, V_HUM);
MyMessage msgTemp(CHILD_ID_TEMP, V_TEMP);


void setup()  
{ 
  gw.begin();
  dht.setup(HUMIDITY_SENSOR_DIGITAL_PIN); 

  // Send the Sketch Version Information to the Gateway
  gw.sendSketchInfo("Humidity", "1.0");

  // Register all sensors to gw (they will be created as child devices)
  gw.present(CHILD_ID_HUM, S_HUM);
  gw.present(CHILD_ID_TEMP, S_TEMP);
  
  metric = gw.getConfig().isMetric;
}

void loop()      
{  
  delay(dht.getMinimumSamplingPeriod());

  float temperature = dht.getTemperature();
  if (isnan(temperature)) {
      Serial.println("Failed reading temperature from DHT");
  } else if (temperature != lastTemp) {
    lastTemp = temperature;
    if (!metric) {
      temperature = dht.toFahrenheit(temperature);
    }
    gw.send(msgTemp.set(temperature, 1));
    Serial.print("T: ");
    Serial.println(temperature);
  }
  
  float humidity = dht.getHumidity();
  if (isnan(humidity)) {
      Serial.println("Failed reading humidity from DHT");
  } else if (humidity != lastHum) {
      lastHum = humidity;
      gw.send(msgHum.set(humidity, 1));
      Serial.print("H: ");
      Serial.println(humidity);
  }

  gw.sleep(SLEEP_TIME); //sleep a bit
}

LeoDesigner

@elmarculino
My library is using a standard hardware serial port of arduino - you have to disable debug option in MySensors config and use the serial port only for RS485. The 'garbage' you are receiving are actual binary communication packets intended only for RS485 bus. You have to disconnect your serial to usb adapter in case if you are using Arduino Pro. Please take a closer look to the video and schematic coming with the library. You can use and 'sniff' your serial console - but you must to disable any additional serial debug prints to the console in production mode. Remember - your serial console is a RS485 bus with this library.

Michal

@radekzm
OK, what I did:
on one Arduino nano I have this sketch
https://github.com/mysensors/Arduino/blob/development/libraries/MySensors/examples/GatewaySerialRS485/GatewaySerialRS485.ino
on second arduino nano I have conbined two sketches:
https://github.com/mysensors/Arduino/blob/development/libraries/MySensors/examples/DistanceSensor/DistanceSensor.ino
and
https://github.com/mysensors/Arduino/blob/development/libraries/MySensors/examples/MotionSensorRS485/MotionSensorRS485.ino
and the results is:

/**
 * The MySensors Arduino library handles the wireless radio link and protocol
 * between your home built sensors/actuators and HA controller of choice.
 * The sensors forms a self healing radio network with optional repeaters. Each
 * repeater and gateway builds a routing tables in EEPROM which keeps track of the
 * network topology allowing messages to be routed to nodes.
 *
 * Created by Henrik Ekblad <henrik.ekblad@mysensors.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Sensnology AB
 * Full contributor list: https://github.com/mysensors/Arduino/graphs/contributors
 *
 * Documentation: http://www.mysensors.org
 * Support Forum: http://forum.mysensors.org
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 *******************************
 *
 * REVISION HISTORY
 * Version 1.0 - Henrik Ekblad
 * 
 * DESCRIPTION
 * This is an example of sensors using RS485 as transport layer
 * 
 * Motion Sensor example using HC-SR501 
 * http://www.mysensors.org/build/motion
 * 
 * The transport uses AltSoftSerial to handle two serial links 
 * on one Arduino. Use the following pins for RS485 link
 * 
 *  Board          Transmit  Receive   PWM Unusable
 * -----          --------  -------   ------------
 * Teensy 3.0 & 3.1  21        20         22
 * Teensy 2.0         9        10       (none)
 * Teensy++ 2.0      25         4       26, 27
 * Arduino Uno        9         8         10
 * Arduino Leonardo   5        13       (none)
 * Arduino Mega      46        48       44, 45
 * Wiring-S           5         6          4
 * Sanguino          13        14         12 * 
 * 
 */


// Enable RS485 transport layer
#define MY_RS485

// Define this to enables DE-pin management on defined pin 
#define MY_RS485_DE_PIN 2

// Set RS485 baud rate to use
#define MY_RS485_BAUD_RATE 9600

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MySensor.h>
#include <NewPing.h>

#define CHILD_ID 1
#define TRIGGER_PIN  5  // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor.
#define ECHO_PIN     6  // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor.
#define MAX_DISTANCE 300 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in centimeters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500cm.
unsigned long SLEEP_TIME = 5000; // Sleep time between reads (in milliseconds)

NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance.
MyMessage msg(CHILD_ID, V_DISTANCE);
int lastDist;
boolean metric = true; 

void setup()  
{  
  metric = getConfig().isMetric;
}

void presentation() {
  // Send the sketch version information to the gateway and Controller
  sendSketchInfo("Distance Sensor", "1.0");

  // Register all sensors to gw (they will be created as child devices)
  present(CHILD_ID, S_DISTANCE);
}

void loop()     
{     
  int dist = metric?sonar.ping_cm():sonar.ping_in();
  Serial.print("Ping: ");
  Serial.print(dist); // Convert ping time to distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range)
  Serial.println(metric?" cm":" in");

  if (dist != lastDist) {
      send(msg.set(dist));
      lastDist = dist;
  }

  sleep(SLEEP_TIME);
}

On serial port (/dev/ttyUSB0) Controller (first nano) I see:
0;255;3;0;9;Starting gateway (RSNGA-, 2.0.0-beta)
0;255;3;0;9;Radio init successful.
0;255;3;0;14;Gateway startup complete.
0;255;3;0;9;Init complete, id=0, parent=0, distance=0

on serial port(/dev/ttyUSB1) in node is see:
...
Ping: 33 cm
Ping: 34 cm
Ping: 34 cm
Ping: 33 cm
Ping: 33 cm
Ping: 33 cm
Ping: 5 cm
Ping: 91 cm
Ping: 88 cm
Ping: 89 cm
......

But I expect to see some message on controller. What can I check? Do you see and mistakes ?

Mariusz

Hi,
I am new in mysensors and arduino however I already use domoticz with mysensors and rflink.
Everything is working fine however now I plan to renovate my house and I would like to put wire connection using max485 and arduino. Problem is that it is now working :( I have tried 1.5.4 version and also development branch. It seems that signal is not getting to gateway. I nothing see on arduino gateway except of initalization gateway. I have started to use two nano but I also tried combination nano and mega without success. I would be very appreciate if someone who done it could more describe how to make that it works.
I tried https://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/SoftwareSerialRS485Example and it works fine.
I use for nano combination pins 2 (de/re), 8 (ro),9(di)

radekzm

@Mariusz jak jesteś Polakiem ? Jeżeli tak to mogę Ci pomóc po polsku będzie łatwiej :)

m26872

@radekzm Please use private chat/PM if you don't intend everyone to read it.

radekzm

@m26872
I'm sorry and promises to improve :)

@Mariusz
In my case the solution was in MyConfig.h file (in my case C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries\MySensors):

Disable function MY_DISABLED_SERIAL
commenting lines 49
// #define MY_DISABLED_SERIAL
Disable function MY_DEBUG
commenting lines 36
//#define MY_DEBUG
Correct connection is on my pictures enclosed in the above comment

Board | Transmit | Receive | PWM Unusable
Arduino Uno | 9 | 8 | 10 <----- Form https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_libs_AltSoftSerial.html .... (& other ATMEGA328)
Arduino Leonardo | 5 | 13 | (none)
Arduino Mega | 46 | 48 | 44, 45

DE and RE -> Pin 2
RO -> Pin 8
DI -> Pin 9

To check the hardware and connections run the "Example Program" from https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_libs_AltSoftSerial.html
Use development branch

RS485/RS232/Serial transport class for mysensors.org

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