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    fabyte

    @fabyte

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    Best posts made by fabyte

    • A tiny BME node - BME280 on ATtiny85

      Hey everyone,

      I want to share my tiny BME280 temperature/humidity/pressure sensor node, running on a ATtiny85 and sending messages via a standard nRF24L01+ module.

      Background:
      I wanted to build a sensor node using standard modules/components and requiring as little space as possible. Also battery powered was mandatory, with a lifetime of about 1 year. So I was looking into ATtiny85 and nRF24L01+ compatibility and found out there where a few nRF libraries that support ATtiny. I also stumbled over the MySensors project and was astonished on how much hardware it supported (especially on the transport layer). I have SX1278/RFM95 modules but I saw that it requires more code memory space (ATtiny only has 8K) so the choice fell on the nRF24L01+.
      As for the temperature sensor, the choice fell on Bosch's BME280, since it is one of a few with an SPI interface and I basically have only one pin left on the MCU (well, normally there is no pin left, but I'll explain later). I could have used an DS18B20 or DHT22 (1-Wire) sensor, but in my opinion either the housing is to big (DHT22 module) or the range of functions was inferior to the Bosch sensor (functionality/space). I also know, that using SMD parts would have made this project even more smaller but I don't have a reflow oven and currently don't intent to buy one.

      Originally, I was hoping someone already did an ATtiny with MySensors, but searching the Forum for ATtiny support only got me mentions that it would require much code adjustments and got only little stability and also these replies where a couple of years old. I never worked with the MySensor platform before, but I really like the idea of it and the way it is implemented (lightweight, code quality, stability, compatibility to hardware). Also, the runtime is far more enhanced than standard Arduino. So I thought lets give it a try.

      It turned out, that as today (which is the 2.3.1 branch of the project), only a few register redefinitions and removing an unused debug function was necessary to get the code compiled and the system running. Of course, much functionality has to be disabled in order to match the 8K ROM of the MCU and also get a BME sensor library running. So there is no debug functionality (only debug over the air, as soon as it was working) and the system runs as passive node (no ACK of messages). But it was running on a breadboard for a couple of weeks without major problems, current consumption in power down was great (~7uA). I'm using a CR2032 battery.

      Next step was to build a custom PCB, since wiring all together on such tiny space was too complicated and error prone and ordered at OSH Park (btw, great for small PCBs). Soldering all parts together I noticed two things:

      1. A design flaw regarding the position of the nRF module. The PCB antenna is overlapping the base PCB and therefore some (!) nRF module are having troubles sending data over the air. What helps it to amend the antenna characteristics like touching the module with a finger or soldering an additional piece of metal to extend the antenna.
      2. The decoupling capacitor is not necessary and can be left out.

      So this is the current state of this project. The modules are running since a couple of months without any further problems, publishing every 2 minutes (or so, +/-10%, since I didn't calibrate the ATtiny) the current temperature, humidity and pressure values as well as the internal VCC voltage value (current battery voltage under load). I'm using a RasPi4 as gateway, running a mosquitto MQTT broker and home-assistant controller.

      1.jpg2.jpg3.jpg4.jpg
      The last picture shows an ESP32 module in comparison.

      Hardware
      Components:

      • ATtiny85 (ATTINY 85-20 PU DIP-8)
      • nRF24L01+ (SMD antenna module)
      • BME280
      • CR2032
      • optionally: reset button switch and 10K resistor
      • optionally: decoupling capacitor 47uF
      • optionally: DIP-8 socket in order to adjust the firmware

      Size:
      29mm x 29mm x 19mm (l/w/h)

      Current consumption:
      Measurements of the current consumption were done with a commercial multimeter.
      In power down state, the consumption is ~7uA, in transmit state about 20-25mA. With a duty cycle of 2 minutes this gives a mean of about 20uA and a CR2032 (~200mAh) should work for 1 year.

      To get an extra free pin on the MCU, I connected the CE pin of the nRF to high (VCC/VBat). This requires a bit of software adjustments.
      The reset of optional and since the power supply from the battery can easily be disconnected this switch is not required.
      I'm using a GP Lithium CR2032, with that I don't have issues not using a decoupling capacitor. This also makes a module reset more easy.
      The module in the pictures have a DIP-8 socket in order to program the MCU after PCB soldering.

      Software
      MySensors
      As mentioned above, I had to make small modifications to the MySensors platform. These changes are on my fork on Github

      • Connecting the CE pin to high, requires a state change of the nRF to Power Down when calling start/stopListening. See nRF24L01+ datasheet Figure 3: Radio control state diagram.
      • I had to disable the hwCPUFrequency function, because multiple timer registers are required that are not available on the ATtiny. This function is only used in debug compile mode, so it is not needed for this project.

      BME280 sensor library
      A very small sensor library is required to match the 8K ROM requirement. After testing different libraries I decided to fork SparkFun's implementation and modify it so that only fixed point calculations are used (instead of floating point). Additionally, the communication method (SPI or I2C) has to be predefined and thus the compiler and linker are able to optimize the code size.
      Here is the Github project: Tiny_BME280_Arduino_Library

      main.cpp (Arduino Sketch)
      I'm working with PlatformIO, but this should also work as Arduino Sketch.

      • missing defines
      #define SIGRD   RSIG    // Signature Row from Store Program Memory Control and Status Register
      #define EIFR    GIFR    // External/General Interrupt Flag Register
      #define WDTCSR  WDTCR   // WDT Control Register
      // #define TCCR1A TCCR1 // optional
      // #define TIFR1 TIFR	// optional
      extern void serialEventRun(void) __attribute__((weak));
      
      • Disable Features
      #define MY_SPLASH_SCREEN_DISABLED
      #define MY_DISABLE_RAM_ROUTING_TABLE_FEATURE
      #define MY_DISABLED_SERIAL
      
      #define MY_NODE_ID          20
      #define MY_PASSIVE_NODE
      #define MY_DISABLE_REMOTE_RESET
      
      • Transport Configuration
      #define MY_RADIO_RF24
      #define MY_RF24_CE_PIN      NOT_A_PIN
      #define MY_RF24_CS_PIN      4
      

      As you can see, I configured the CE pin as NOT_A_PIN. This way, later in software the special handling for start/stopListening can be implemented.

      The code size is:

      DATA:    [=======   ]  66.2% (used 339 bytes from 512 bytes)
      PROGRAM: [==========]  98.2% (used 8048 bytes from 8192 bytes)
      

      This brings one unfortunate limitation: There is absolutely no space for floating point calculations. So, I decided to send the environmental values as fixed point integer and later convert these values on the the controller side to the real values.

      Sensor Values
      Here is summary of 1 week:
      ha.png
      The last line shows the battery voltages. These values are quite stable and I'm satisfied with it. At the end of this week, I put one sensor in the garden outside, thus the drop of the temperature and voltage.

      Outlook
      The PCB will be revised so that the PCB antenna is free from disturbances. I'm considering to use an ATtiny in SMD package, but this will be probably after the revision.
      I also want to provide my changes on the MySensors project into the main branch in order for the project to support ATtiny hardware. Please give me a hint on if and how this should be done.

      Feel free to ask if you have any questions! 🙂

      Thanks and Regards

      Edit: Fixed current consumption values

      posted in My Project
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    • RE: A tiny BME node - BME280 on ATtiny85

      @BearWithBeard
      I had the same problem and was also very confused 🙂

      All of the 6-pin (and more) BME modules are designed to work operating in I2C mode per default. For this, several pull-up resistors are soldered on the modules. I found out that in SPI mode, the hole module is working although VCC is not connected. The pull-up on the CSn line caused a current leakage and thus the module had a 'very' high current consumption. I removed all resistors on the module (all 4 on MISO/MOSI/CSn/CLK - SPI doesn't need pull-up resistors) and the consumption was as expected (<= 1 uA, more or less, I don't have the right equipment at home for more resolution).

      I don't know which version of the BME 280 modules you have. I ordered several kinds and regarding sensor quality and size I settled with these 6-pin "red" PCB:
      2.jpg1.jpg
      As you can see, I desoldered the SMD resistors.

      Hope this helps 🙂 I know the struggle to get the right BME280 module. I also paid about 2,70 Euro including shipping from China to Germany. Never found module more cheap. If they cost less than 2 Euro, then it's definitely a BMP 🙂

      posted in My Project
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    • RE: A tiny BME node - BME280 on ATtiny85

      When I started this project I had one priority in mind: Keeping it as minimalistic (and small) as possible.
      This is why the design uses standard preassembled modules and a tiny ( 😉 ) microprocessor. I also wanted to proof that it is possible to run the MySensors platform on the ATtiny MCU since the hardware requirements are not extraordinary. Minimalistic also means for me that I want to exhaust the given MCU capabilities and build as much as possible. This projects shows that these limited MCU is sufficient enough to work as MySensors node.
      (The BME280 library is quite 'big' regarding the memory footprint. Using sensors with one-wire or just reacting to an interrupt requires even less memory and fits perfectly into 8K).

      Next step is of course improving the dimensions of this sensor node. This is where it goes to working with SMD components and not THT anymore. Unfortunatly my SMD soldering capabilities are limited so I think I won't be able to solder the QFN package by hand so either I order my PCB design preassembled (could be quite expensive, does anyone know?) or I use standard modules and design a 'motherboard' to connect it with the rest of the components (which makes it bigger again).

      I like the NRF5 series, but it also comes with more complexity of the hardware design (antenna matching components and so on) which is too much for me right now. But I also think the final and perfect solution would be something like Raybeacon: nRF52 on-the-go Development Kit.

      Right now, I'm going small steps. 2 months back (or so) I assembled the improved version so that the PCB antenna is free from disturbances:
      2.png 1.png
      Next step will be a design with ATtiny in the SMD package (already ordered, as well as a couple of MLCCs in 1206 and 1210 🙂 )

      posted in My Project
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @haloway13 I had exactly the same problem.
      Here is what I did to fix it:

      1. uninstalled the mqtt binding
        1.1 make sure the /opt/openhab/userdata/config/org/openhab/mqttbroker.config is removed
      2. installed the mqtt binding
      3. setup the system broker

      After that, the system broker connection could be established and the Try to restore connection to '192.168.1.151'. Next attempt in 60000ms messaged disappeared.

      Then you can proceed and set up the MySensors MQTT Bridge.

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: can't remove unused sensors from HA

      @Jake-Wills I believe you have a persistence file configured for the MySensors configuration?

      For me, the following steps worked:

      1. Stop home assistant/ HassIO
      2. Locate the persistence_file entry in your configuration.yaml
      3. Open this file and identity the entries you want to delete. Remove them from the file and save.
      4. I also cleaned up my database. It should be located under the HA/HassIO config directory and named .homeassistant/home-assistant_v2.db. Open it with sqlite3 and delete all entries from the states table of sensors you deleted. It might be you don't need to do this step but I'm not sure. If you're unfamiliar with databases, just skip this step and try out what happens.
      5. Start home assistant / HassIO
      posted in Home Assistant
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    • RE: TinyBME - ATTiny85 + NRF24l01 + BME280/I2C

      Great achievement, congratulations 👍 🙂

      I like that you also tried Nerd Ralph's 3-Pin configuration and got it to work. I tried it once but somehow it didn't connect to the radio, so discarded this idea. Also I thought it might be cheaper (from a memory point of view), just to use one bus. Nice work on stuffing all this in 8K 🙂

      It would be great if you reported in a couple of weeks how stable it's running. Did you have a chance to measure the power consumption of the hole system?

      posted in My Project
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @TimO Congratulations on your child 👏
      I know it's an exciting time and definitely more important than developing a OH binding 😁
      Spending time with your family should always be number 1 priority and you can't blame anyone for taking time off from a internet community 🙂

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: A tiny BME node - BME280 on ATtiny85

      Last year I began with the work on the SMD version of the tiny BME node. See pictures here:

      20200624_110630_small.jpg
      20200624_110645_small.jpg

      Problem was that the radio isn't transmitting very reliable and I think I broke it while programming the ATTINY (used 5V instead of 3.3V). I received a few values so I know it is working but I didn't have time to fix it properly which would mean just create a new one.

      posted in My Project
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    Latest posts made by fabyte

    • RE: A tiny BME node - BME280 on ATtiny85

      Hi @chamroeun-ou
      please try and add the following on top of your main.cpp:

      // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
      // missing defines
      // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
      #define SIGRD   RSIG    // Signature Row from Store Program Memory Control and Status Register
      #define EIFR    GIFR    // External/General Interrupt Flag Register
      #define WDTCSR  WDTCR   // WDT Control Register
      // #define TCCR1A TCCR1
      // #define TIFR1 TIFR
      extern void serialEventRun(void) __attribute__((weak));
      
      posted in My Project
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @haloway13 Yes, everything via the web interface

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @haloway13 I had exactly the same problem.
      Here is what I did to fix it:

      1. uninstalled the mqtt binding
        1.1 make sure the /opt/openhab/userdata/config/org/openhab/mqttbroker.config is removed
      2. installed the mqtt binding
      3. setup the system broker

      After that, the system broker connection could be established and the Try to restore connection to '192.168.1.151'. Next attempt in 60000ms messaged disappeared.

      Then you can proceed and set up the MySensors MQTT Bridge.

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @TimO Congratulations on your child 👏
      I know it's an exciting time and definitely more important than developing a OH binding 😁
      Spending time with your family should always be number 1 priority and you can't blame anyone for taking time off from a internet community 🙂

      posted in OpenHAB
      fabyte
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      After reinstalling the mqtt bindung the MQTT System Broker connection now could be established - strange, that a reinstall was required since I did several OpenHAB system restarts and those didn't fix it.

      Well, now the MySensors binding is working with the system broker:
      Screenshot 2021-02-22 195800.png
      Here's a MySensors temperature item:
      Screenshot 2021-02-22 201902.png

      To sum up, here's what I did

      1. (manually) installed MySensors binding
      2. uninstalled mqtt binding
      3. installed mqtt binding
      4. set up the MQTT system broker connection
        4.1 set Connection Name to systembroker
        4.2 set Broker Host to localhost (it's running on the same device)
        4.3 Show advanced -> set Broker Port to 1883 since it was always using 8883 but I don't use a secure connection
        (4.4 I didn't set a clientid, no user and no password)
      5. set up the MySensors MQTT Gateway thing
        5.1 set Broker Name to systembroker
      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @ncollins Yes, it looks like some resources are blocked or not resolved correctly when using the system broker.
      But the system broker functionality comes with the mqtt binding itself. Here is a screen of the settings when I deleted the mqtt binding:
      2.png

      Also I never got the system broker working, even without defining a generic mqtt broker thing.

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      Okay, now i tried to configure the MQTT system broker connection and this seems to work.

      • I set up the system broker and named it 'mosquitto'.
      • in the MySensors MQTT bridge, as before, I used mosquitto as Broker Name. Now the Broker Name could be resolved and the Thing is online.
      10:12:55.086 [DEBUG] [ensors.handler.MySensorsBridgeHandler] - Initialization of the MySensors bridge
      10:12:55.089 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Cache file: given_ids.cached not exist.
      10:12:55.091 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Cache file: given_ids.cached not exist. Default passed, creating it...
      10:12:55.094 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Writing on cache given_ids, content: []
      10:12:55.100 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Cache (given_ids) content: []
      10:12:55.103 [DEBUG] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - Enabling connection watchdog
      10:12:55.106 [DEBUG] [ensors.handler.MySensorsBridgeHandler] - Initialization of the MySensors bridge DONE!
      10:12:55.108 [ERROR] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - MQTT connection offline - Reason unknown
      10:12:55.113 [DEBUG] [s.discovery.MySensorsDiscoveryService] - Starting MySensors discovery scan
      10:12:55.117 [DEBUG] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - Adding consumer for topic: mygateway1-out/+/+/+/+/+
      10:12:55.127 [WARN ] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - Skipping I_VERSION connection test, not recommended...
      10:12:55.133 [INFO ] [hab.event.ThingStatusInfoChangedEvent] - Thing 'mysensors:bridge-mqtt:84dd4a387f' changed from INITIALIZING to ONLINE
      10:12:55.133 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Writing on cache given_ids, content: []
      10:12:55.139 [INFO ] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - Successfully connected to MySensors Bridge.
      

      But
      I'm having troubles with the MQTT system broker, it can't connect the broker instance.

      com.hivemq.client.mqtt.exceptions.ConnectionClosedException: java.io.IOException: Connection reset by peer
      Caused by: java.io.IOException: Connection reset by peer
              at sun.nio.ch.FileDispatcherImpl.read0(Native Method) ~[?:?]
              at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.read(SocketDispatcher.java:39) ~[?:?]
              at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.readIntoNativeBuffer(IOUtil.java:276) ~[?:?]
              at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.read(IOUtil.java:233) ~[?:?]
              at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.read(IOUtil.java:223) ~[?:?]
              at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.read(SocketChannelImpl.java:358) ~[?:?]
              at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBuf.setBytes(PooledByteBuf.java:247) ~[bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBuf.writeBytes(AbstractByteBuf.java:1147) ~[bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel.doReadBytes(NioSocketChannel.java:347) ~[bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:148) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:700) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:635) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:552) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:514) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$6.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:1044) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30) [bundleFile:4.1.42.Final]
              at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834) [?:?]
      

      Since this seems more a OpenHAB/mosquitto issue I will dig into it myself.

      Edit
      The MQTT System Broker seems to be a concept from OH2, where a MQTT broker was shipped internally with OpenHAB and it seems to be broken in OH3 (OH Forum).

      This leaves me with the following conclusions:

      1. The MySensors binding configuration references the MQTT system broker connection
      2. With OH3, this MQTT System Broker is not working anymore.

      I suppose the correct way of handling this issue is to make the MySensors binding reference a normal MQTT Broker bridge, not a System Broker bridge.
      Anyone who knows what changes this would require? My guess is that it should be manageable -> Source Code

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @ncollins Thanks, really appreciate it 🙂 Let me know if you need more info, here's the basic config I did:

      • created a mqtt broker (not system broker) This thing is ONLINE
      UID: mqtt:broker:mosquitto
      label: mosquitto
      thingTypeUID: mqtt:broker
      configuration:
        lwtQos: 0
        publickeypin: true
        keepAlive: 60
        clientid: 566e1af2-19c2-4596-904f-18b89c502e53
        qos: 0
        reconnectTime: 60000
        host: localhost
        secure: false
        certificatepin: true
        lwtRetain: true
        enableDiscovery: true
      
      • created a MySensors MQTT Bridge with default settings (brokername = mosquitto)
      UID: mysensors:bridge-mqtt:01d212b118
      label: MySensors MQTT Gateway
      thingTypeUID: mysensors:bridge-mqtt
      configuration:
        networkSanCheckSendHeartbeat: false
        topicPublish: mygateway1-in
        networkSanCheckInterval: 3
        networkSanCheckSendHeartbeatFailAttempts: 10
        topicSubscribe: mygateway1-out
        networkSanCheckEnabled: false
        networkSanCheckConnectionFailAttempts: 3
        startupCheckEnabled: false
        brokerName: mosquitto
        imperial: false
        sendDelay: 100
      

      Here's the logs:

      09:59:32.973 [INFO ] [hab.event.ThingStatusInfoChangedEvent] - Thing 'mysensors:bridge-mqtt:01d212b118' changed from UNINITIALIZED to INITIALIZING
      09:59:32.980 [DEBUG] [ensors.handler.MySensorsBridgeHandler] - Initialization of the MySensors bridge
      09:59:32.994 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Cache file: given_ids.cached not exist.
      09:59:32.995 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Cache file: given_ids.cached not exist. Default passed, creating it...
      09:59:32.997 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Writing on cache given_ids, content: []
      09:59:32.998 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Cache (given_ids) content: []
      09:59:33.011 [DEBUG] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - Enabling connection watchdog
      09:59:33.015 [DEBUG] [ensors.handler.MySensorsBridgeHandler] - Initialization of the MySensors bridge DONE!
      09:59:33.016 [DEBUG] [s.discovery.MySensorsDiscoveryService] - Starting MySensors discovery scan
      09:59:33.022 [ERROR] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - No connection to broker: mosquitto
      09:59:33.027 [INFO ] [hab.event.ThingStatusInfoChangedEvent] - Thing 'mysensors:bridge-mqtt:01d212b118' changed from INITIALIZING to OFFLINE
      09:59:33.027 [DEBUG] [sensors.factory.MySensorsCacheFactory] - Writing on cache given_ids, content: []
      09:59:33.029 [ERROR] [protocol.mqtt.MySensorsMqttConnection] - Failed connecting to bridge...next retry in 10 seconds (Retry No.:0)
      

      I tried different broker names (like mqtt:broker:mosquitto, the clientid, different uid names, but the log always says the broker cannot be found. It maps to the following lines: link

      I can provide more info if needed and try out debug versions of the binding if required.

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: OH3 - MySensors Binding

      @ncollins Any chance this rebased work will be pushed upstream to the openhab/openhab-addons repo? Mainline support could help this binding with future framework changes and avoid reverse engineering of code changes and simplifies the binding installation.

      Also any ideas on the MQTT bridge problem? Somehow the broker name cannot be resolved as also discussed here:
      https://forum.mysensors.org/topic/10184/help-openhab-2-4-binding-mqtt

      posted in OpenHAB
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    • RE: A tiny BME node - BME280 on ATtiny85

      Last year I began with the work on the SMD version of the tiny BME node. See pictures here:

      20200624_110630_small.jpg
      20200624_110645_small.jpg

      Problem was that the radio isn't transmitting very reliable and I think I broke it while programming the ATTINY (used 5V instead of 3.3V). I received a few values so I know it is working but I didn't have time to fix it properly which would mean just create a new one.

      posted in My Project
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