Good day all,

I actually monitor the amount of water of some appale tree in a orchard with 3 Watermark sensors.
In order to have better result on how and when to watering the apple orchard, I would like to monitor the evapotranspiration of the crop or better, the foliage.

I once saw an evapotranspiration sensor but I can not find anymore.

Someone would have a recommandation to monitor the evapotranspiration of the plants, with Arduino? (sensor, how to?...) Is there sensore for that purpose?

Many thank for any tips and hints to start my task

@suhaila96 Hello I have not seen your question since I reviewed this topics, today.
What do you mean about "setup your circuit"? How did you connected you watermark sensor and to what?

This can be very interesting to meaure surface temperature
SI-111. but what's the price?

Thank for all of your replies
@gohan and @sglue Yep, it's was I found here radiation frost
So, normal temperature is not enough

Question is, why would you want to "watch and measure the buds" freeze?
It would be too late to save your crops.

The idea is to alert the owner before the critical point. But now, if there is only 2-3 degree of difference with the air temperature, will the owner interrested to watch the bud temperature. If he has a fun as show @mfalkvidd on the picture, we may better have a soli temprature which will turn on the wind turbine when the soil is close to 1-2C?.

In any case, if the owner crop is alerted when the temperature is closed to 1-2C, will he have time for an action? I guess, he will prepare the protection for the winter. Isn't?

(I am not farmer)
Thank to all. I will continue investigating with

Google "how to measure bud freezing point" lots of info.

@yveaux Hello.
How would you put a temperature sensor into a buds and be certain that the sensor will only monitor the bud temperature and not the ambiant temperature?

Then I am not an expert as well, but one of my friend told me, they can spray a product over the bud and keep the bud temperature at 1-2C while the ambiant temperature goes below 0C

He told me, an equation exist, which take in consideration the humidity and the ambiant temperature to know the bud status.

But I was wondering if there is existing solution to monitor specially the buds temperature?

Hello!
I hope your are well.
I work on a nice project to measure moisture soil of crops /horchad. It work fine now! and I am very happy even if there still something to improve.

Now, I am thinging about the winter and specially in February, when the buds grow before the fruits appear, ... and the freez.

If the buds freezes, there is no flower, no fruit.

I wunder, if one of you know how can watch and measure the buds. I heard the the ambient temperature is now enough to prevent the buds to be freezed.

Some of you has an experience how to have a sensor which measure the buds?
Some tips and hints?

many thank

@hard-shovel
Dear Hard-shovel.
In any case, thank a lot for your great help. Your participation helped me a lot and I would like to thank you again.
Now I am very happy with the result. I still keep an eye on it.

First I planted them in 3 different level: 15cm, 30cm and 45cm. Then I replanted them to try to observe the bulb of water: I planted them at (distance/deepth) 15cm/30cm, 15cm/60cm and 30cm/30cm from the point where drop the water. (I also make sure that all sensor have a distance of 30cm from each other to avoid interfrences). But as the ground is tilted, the drop do not fall where I expected.

Next step, I am going to change the position of my 3 watermark, making sure that the drop falls on the line of the sensor, as the following:

When I planted them into the soil and see the difference of the result.

Do you have any suggestion to plant the 3 sensor?

In any case, tanks a lot. You helped me a lot.
Enjoy the end of sommer!

Cheers

@hard-shovel
Hello, Yes. Thank a lot to follow my topic
This morning I soaked it again the sensor into water for about 1 hour and I let it dry under the sun. It looks now really better ( See Station 3 ). I am happy with the result specially for Station 1 and 2 since yesterday 12h (UTC). Thanks a lot.

@hard-shovel said in How to read frequency and SWP output from watermark sensor:

the red line on the chart is showing an error in the processing as it should not jump in stages.

Hello, what do means by jump in stage with the red line?
Twice, the node could not send data but this due to a small error from me. Today, all data have been sent. Today, I left the node and the sensor outsite under the sun and I juts brang it back inside and the RWM went a little bit down. I am going to upload the code with your change, That great because right now the RWM is 88

Hello Hard-shovel !
Are you still around?
I ma still doubting about my SWP value returning by my sensor and by the code to calculate it.

Until last week, I was used to use the great code you provide to me

resistanceCalc(frequency, wrm);
        Si.sprint(F("WRM: "),2);
        Si.sprintln(wrm,2);
        kPaCalc(wrm, Tsoil, swp);
        val = swp;

But I was always suspicous about the SWP value. I also bout a WATER digital reader and the values never matched.
All the graph/line of Station3 is calculate with a temperature of 24Celcul. As sensor is in a room where the temeparture is between 24C and 28C, a small tolerence must be "accepted"

Last week I used this to get the WRM (Watermark resistance)

wrm = map(frequency,48,13233,27950,550)

but never use it. The result is wrong. I compared with datsheet of the Isometer and the result never matches.

However, your table works fine

//---------------------------------------------------------------
void resistanceCalc(float frequencyInput, int32_t &wrm){
  wrm=0;
  // Convert from freqency to Resistance measurement
  // From SMX.pdf datasheet, page 6
  // 48 Hz    = 10,000,000 Ohms
  // 76 Hz    =    262,144 Ohms
  // 13233 Hz =          0 ohms 
  // using lookup table held in the array  RESISTORarray   

  //frequencyInput = constrain(frequencyInput,50, 13233);
  //float newVal;
  if (frequencyInput <= RESISTORarray[0]) {     // Minimum value
    wrm = RESISTORarray[0+1];
  }
  if (frequencyInput >= RESISTORarray[74]) {     // Maximum value
    wrm = RESISTORarray[74+1];
  }  
  for (int i=0; i<74; i=i+2) {
    if ((frequencyInput >= RESISTORarray[i]) && (frequencyInput <= RESISTORarray[i+2]))
    {
      wrm = RESISTORarray[i+1] - ((RESISTORarray[i+1]-RESISTORarray[i+3]) * ((frequencyInput-RESISTORarray[i]) / (RESISTORarray[i+2]-RESISTORarray[i])));
      break;
    }
  }
  Si.sprint(F("WRM: "),2); Si.sprintln(wrm,2);
}

In order to be fixed this question, I used my LoRa node to send the wrm, swp and a second swp to my server and observe the diffrence.

Look at this web page (go to Station 3)
Station 3 (Teste)

Note:
Station 1 and 2 are two station on fields.
Station 3 is a node I have at home. I put a little of water on matrix of the watermark until the SWP go to 8kpa and left it dried 1,5 day until the the SWP is 200kps. one hour ago, I put the watermark sensor into water for one hour, and I am going to leave it drying under the sun and compare the graph. Today afternoon (15.9.2018), I am going to update the code of station 1 and 2 to get the SWP value with the equation of Shock

The red line is the WRM in Ohm and not ml/h (I have not change the unit).
The yellow line is the SWP return with the equation of Shock

swp = (int16_t)(3.213 * (wrm/1000) + 4.093) / (1 - 0.009733 * (wrm/1000) - 0.01205 * Tsoil);

and the violet line is the SWP return by

void kPaCalc(int32_t ResistanceInput, int16_t FTemperatureInput, int16_t &swp){
  // Convert from Resistance to SWP kPa measurement
  // From SMX.pdf datasheet, page 7
  //   550 Ohms =  0 SWP kPa
  //  6000 Ohms = 35 SWP kPa
  // 28075 Ohms =200 SWP kPa
  // using lookup table held in the array  SWPkPAarray   
  // table valid for temperature of 75F, 24C
  // for increase of 1°F increase resistance by 1%.
  // ** this function accepts temperature in Fahrenheit units **
  //float newVal;


  // Adjust compensate resistance for temperature and cpnvert celculs to Fahrenheit
  // per page 8 of SMX.pdf 
  swp=0;
  float ResistanceCompensated =  ResistanceInput *(1 + 0.001*((FTemperatureInput * 1.8 + 32)-75));
  Si.sprint(F("WRMc: "),2); Si.sprintln((int16_t)ResistanceCompensated,2);
  
    if (ResistanceCompensated <= SWPkPAarray[0]) {     // Minimum value
    swp = SWPkPAarray[0+1];
  }
  if (ResistanceCompensated >= SWPkPAarray[16]) {     // Maximum value
    swp = SWPkPAarray[16+1];
  }  
  //for (int i=0; i<SWPkPAarray.length-2; i=i+2) {
  for (int i=0; i<16; i=i+2) {
    if ((ResistanceCompensated >= SWPkPAarray[i]) && (ResistanceCompensated <= SWPkPAarray[i+2])) {
      swp = SWPkPAarray[i+1] - ((SWPkPAarray[i+1]-SWPkPAarray[i+3]) * ((ResistanceInput-SWPkPAarray[i]) / (SWPkPAarray[i+2]-SWPkPAarray[i])));
      break;
    }
  }
  //return newVal;
}

It's interresting to see that the kPaCalc() progress as a step and stop at 100kpa and jump at 200kpa only when the wrm is 27950.

I used

constrain (wrm,550,27950)

so the wrm will not be display higher than 27950 even if it can go over 27950 as say the doc.

The equation of Shock look perfect and I controlled it with Watermark data reader. The result is similar with a tolerance of 5-10kpa.
From graph (See Station 3), I also compare the WRM and the SWP from the doc (see page 7) and SWP value matches.

I wonder why, in the array

long SWPkPAarray[18]{
// Watermark Sensor SMX interface Resistance to SWP kPa lookup table per SMX.pdf page 7. 
// this table is valid at temperature of 75F, 24C  
 550,  0,
1000,  9,
1100,  10,
2000,  15,
6000,  35,
9200,  55,
12200, 75,
15575, 100,
28075, 200,

you do not consider a SWP between 100kpa and 200kpa.
I thing it's very interresting to have value from 100kpa and 200kpa, as 100kpa is the moment when soil need to be irrigate and more we come close to 200kpa, more is dangerous.

In any case, your function kPaCalc2() from the code you provided to me, 3 mounth ago seems to be best.

Thank for all
Cheers