CR2032 coin cells - expected life?
-
Hi! Im having issues when testing MySensors nodes with CR2032.
BOD are set to 2.3 but it seems like the node dies around 2,8-2,9 and it does not last very long.
Its a "naked" testnode, nrf24, sleep active, minial current drain.First, is it to be expected that these batteries does not work below 2.8v?
Any other tips?
-
When are you measuring the battery voltage? Before or after a transmission? My guess is before. The better measurement is if you measure immediately after transmission, before battery recovery, and then save the value for reporting during the next subsequent transmission. That's especially true for coincells, whose voltage tends to droop a lot after pulling a current.
-
The graph above is from my oldest window contact that is still in service with its first CR2032. It has reported 2902 events in over a year (less than 8 wake cycles per day on average).
The second graph is from my oldest temperature & humidity node, also running off a CR2032. Since march 2020, it reported 180k data points (temp & hum every 5 minutes).
Unfortunately I didn't configure them to report the battery voltage back then, but I took a reading with my DMM right now: The window node reads 3.041V and the temperature node 2.993V. What I'm trying to show is that nodes can run for years with a CR2032.
The temperature node should be the most discharged CR2032 I have in use currently, so I have yet to find out at which voltage they stop working. But I think 2.8V should still be fine if you have enough capacity to counteract the voltage drop during transmission.
If the battery in your node died suddenly, I guess the node may have failed to sleep for some reason. I had this issue before a couple of times and I can only assume that the node lost connection to the repeater and drained the whole battery in a find-parent-loop.
Update (mid of Nov 21): The temperature & humidity node died a few days ago. It sent roughly 350k individual sensor readings over a span of 20 months. That's about the maximum lifetime I could expect with 12 wake cycles per hour.
-
@sundberg84 I noticed similar issues with my nodes. Given the high internal resistance of coin batteries, there is actually a significant voltage drop during high current scenarios (radio transmission). Enough of a drop to trigger brownout, which then leads to brownout loops.
I recommend disabling status LEDs, and using large capacitor(s) (200uF+), ideally ceramic. I'd also drop BOD to 1.8v.
Also make sure you're sleeping between transmissions (~5 sec) to make sure the capacitors have enough time to recharge.
-
@NeverDie - I measure after - but I let the battery recover from the transmission, so you have a valid point.
@BearWithBeard - Thanks - if you can do it, I can
@ncollins - a big capasitor sounds lika a good idea, 1.8v bod I have and also sleep (5 minutes). Thanks for the input, sounds like a plan ahead.
-
I recently completed an experiment with 2 nearly identical nodes and had very good results just using @NeverDie MySleepPrepare() without any other real effort to reduce power consumption.
The nodes were NRF52832 and BME280. One with a CR2032 Coin cell and the other with a LiFePo4 (AAA size). The CR2032 lasted a little longer in this application.
I stopped when the CR2032 dropped below 1.8V because that was the low voltage rating for both the processor and the BME, but the node still appeared to be working normally.Vertical axis is volts. Horizontal axis is days.
-
@nagelc Just wondering what boards and what bootloaders you are all using for battery nodes as I will need to make a few soon.
-
@skywatch These used the Fanstel BT832. Not sure about the bootloader. I just programmed them as they came. I programmed them using Arduino and the MySensors MyBoardNRF5 files, and a black magic probe for the programmer.
-
@nagelc Thanks for the clarification.
-
I've been doing an experiment based on my custom board (https://github.com/buxtronix/mys-pro-mini) which is essentially an Arduino-pro-mini compatible pinout with NRF radio and SHT31 temp/humidity sensor built in.
It can take a CR2032 directly on board.
I've been running two identical sensors, the only difference being that one uses the INTRC clock, and the other uses an 8MHz Xtal. Update rate is about 1/min.
As you can see, I'm nearly 6 months in and I think I should be able to get to a year. Interestingly, there is no notable difference in battery between the two clock sources - it's otherwise been widely believed that xtal consumes more power than intrc.
The only low-power prep I'm doing in the code is to disable the ADC and set all unused floating pins to output mode. Standard arduino bootloader, BOD disabled.
-
Great info @buxtronix, thanks for sharing.
When do you measure the battery voltage? Just after wakeup, just before going back to sleep or somewhere between?
-
Good idea to measure battery voltage after an RF transmission, not before ... never thought of that.
I have built window sensors that last more than 36 months on one CR2032. I usually set the brownout threshold to 1.8V, not 2.7V, and then replace the battery when the voltage drops below ~2.2V.
You have to be careful not to power any sensors while the node is asleep, that also applies to the lowly reed switch windows sensor! If you just connect it to an input pin and use the internal pull-up of the ATmega processor, then you have a current flowing all the time, when the window is closed and therefore the reed switch inside the sensor is closed. That current is higher than the sleep mode power consumption of the whole processor!
I can see why internal clock vs 8 MHz crystal doesn't make a difference -- most of the time, the processor will be asleep with all clocks stopped, and a stopped 8 MHz crystal oscillator consumes as much power as a stopped internal RC oscillator ...
You can find more details about what to watch out for, and some measurements with different configurations, here.
-
@canyouhearmenow : in stead of the internal pull-up resistor for the reed contact, I used an external one of 3.3MOhm. Is that a good idea?
-
An alternative is to do pullup via an output pin. So connect the switch like this:
D2 --- 47k --- D1 --- reed switch --- GNDDisable D1's pullups. While sleeping set D2 low to eliminate all power draw, then after wakeup you can set D2 high, wait a few ms and then measure D1. Once done, set D2 low again.
You can't do interrupt based sensing this way but works for polling.
-
@Michiel-van-der-Wulp using a megaohms pull-up resistor solves the problem with current consumption, but now you have an input that is more susceptible to interference, because it is high impedance.
