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Perimeter wire with sensors for robotic mower

grint last edited by

Many of the robotic mowing options out there use a perimeter wire pegged down to define a boundary. Can the pegs be numbered and when a mower gets near the perimeter it senses (for example) Peg 3. How would
a} the individual pegs get their own identity
b} since they would be (shallowly) below soil how could a robotic mower identify them through the soil?
Thanks
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Yveaux Mod last edited by @grint

@grint Nice topic!
But googling immediately led me to this site: http://www.ardumower.de/index.php/en/induktion
Seems quite easy to build yourself.
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grint last edited by @Yveaux

@Yveaux - hi - I've seen that and spoken to them, but they don't use the system with numbered pegs that I'm suggesting to get a clearer map of the robot's location. They simply use a perimeter wire. Their lane-by-lane mowing doesn't work very well, because... knowing where the robot is within the defined perimeter is pretty hard. Cheers,
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Yveaux Mod last edited by @grint

@grint how would a compass sensor perform in a lawnmower robot?
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@BulldogLowell said: @mntlvr said: And if all six switches are set to gnd the total current would only be 1.5 ma (5volts /20k)x6=.0015 amps I believe. the internal pullup resistors are 20k-50k according to arduino spec. yeah, I know, but if you are underpowered already (the radio....) the extra draw may create an issue... who the heck knows. I'll try on one of mine when I get the chance... your code works, and that's a treat, but now I need to understand why the simpler execution of the same code doesn't seem to cooperate with your rig. weird... you code with pinMode(buttonPin[i], INPUT); exactly same board and USB power supply and same transceiver, here are the results Sending device info...sensor started, id 32 send: 32-32-0-0 s=255,c=0,t=17,pt=0,l=5,st=ok:1.4.1 send: 32-32-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=6,pt=1,l=1,st=ok:0 read: 0-0-32 s=255,c=3,t=6,pt=0,l=1:I send: 32-32-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=11,pt=0,l=13,st=ok:RemoteControl send: 32-32-0-0 s=255,c=3,t=12,pt=0,l=4,st=ok:1.15 Setting up Pin0 send: 32-32-0-0 s=0,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0,st=ok: Setting up Pin1 send: 32-32-0-0 s=1,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0,st=ok: Setting up Pin2 send: 32-32-0-0 s=2,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0,st=ok: Setting up Pin3 send: 32-32-0-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0,st=ok: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=3,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: Setting up Pin4 send: 32-32-0-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0,st=ok: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: read: 32-32-0 s=4,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0: Setting up Pin5 send: 0-0-0-0 s=5,c=0,t=0,pt=0,l=0,st=ok: read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch read: 36-81-0 s=0,c=5,t=0,pt=0,l=0: version mismatch Sensor presentation complete send: 0-0-0-0 s=3,c=1,t=16,pt=2,l=2,st=ok:1 Pin 3 changed state... New State: Tripped send: 0-0-0-0 s=0,c=1,t=16,pt=2,l=2,st=ok:1 Pin 0 changed state... New State: Tripped send: 0-0-0-0 s=1,c=1,t=16,pt=2,l=2,st=ok:1 Pin 1 changed state... New State: Tripped send: 0-0-0-0 s=2,c=1,t=16,pt=2,l=2,st=ok:1 Pin 2 changed state... New State: Tripped send: 0-0-0-0 s=3,c=1,t=16,pt=2,l=2,st=ok:0 Pin 3 changed state... New State: Not Tripped
Boundary sensing
Hardware • sensor • • Maru

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I've thought of that already but @nagelc thanks for the suggestion though!!
How long a cable can one have between the uC and a sensor?
Hardware • sensor cabling • • Zeph

4

0
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4
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2982
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I'm thinking of 4 PIR sensors (at each end of the two aisles). And I was thinking of a reed switch at the top of the garage door opening, and one at the door into the house. And the most convenient location for the relays controlling the lights is still a 7th location. I could put 7 wireless nodes into the garage, but then I have to run power to all of them - if 5v we still have the same long wire issues, if 120VAC then I need 7 power supplies. And the local control now involves passing messages between nodes rather than just sensing input pins and controlling output pins on the same uC. The cables supply power to the RF enabled nodes will have the same length (whether DC or AC power) as the cables going to a simple sensor, and follow the same routes. So it would be possible to do that, but at considerable cost in money and time and complexity - compared to just running a three or 4 wire cable from the main node to a $2 PIR located 1o-20 feet away, if that can easily be made to work (perhaps with the addition of a couple of small, cheap passive components. I don't know if I do need to worry about inductance, capacitance, reflections etc - that's why I'm asking. These things aren't usually specified one way or the other - you kind of need some practical experience. If those are indeed killers that cannot be fixed with a couple of passives, then I may go to the "make every sensor a full node with AC power supply and distribute AC to them instead" route. But wouldn't it be nice if I can do a $2 easy fix instead? One data point - in the Do It Yourself Christamas lighting control community, they routinely get away with sending TTL or CMOS signals quite a ways from a control unit to an optoisolator input (which controls a Triac to form a SSR which does PWM dimming of an AC circuit). The signals are just a 120 Hz PWM signal but the edge timing is at 120Hz * 256 PWM divisions. You won't find much about driving a 50' cable from a TTL or CMOS output in the datasheets, but it works in this application! It would not work if you were sending a 1 Mbps signal tho. So I have some hope that a PIR 20 feet down a cable may be able to pass back a quite usable logic signal, since it changes rather rarely. But I was hoping for some advice about the gotchas. Remember the sensors I've mentioned are magnetic reed switches, LDRs, and PIR sensors - only the latter needs power per se separate from the signal.

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