@daniele-frigo
I have tried the stable and development versions of my sensors, the standard UIPEthernet.h and the Mysensors version of UIPEthernet.h, and several versions of Arduino IDE and still cannot replicate your log result of getting only one line of debug data using your program.
This should generate five lines of debug code regardless if the ENC module is connected.
With the module connected you should be able to ping the arduino on 192.168.1.22 if your computer is on the same subnet.
So several questions & things to consider
1 Are you actually testing using the code you posted above and getting only the one line of debug
If so, then I think you need to check your software versions,
1a Are you using Arduino IDE or some other environment like PlatformIO what versions?
1b Is the correct UIPEthernet.h being used during compiling?
1c Are there any error messages during compiling, what is the memory usage?
1d what bootloader are you using? the Old nano Bootloader, New nano type or some other?
2 Is the network address suitable for your network and you have no other item using that ip address and no arduino device using the same MAC address
for pinging Is your computer on the same subnet ie 192.168.1.xxx
3 My ENC modules are power hungry they take about 150mA with only a nano attached. Is you power supply sufficient and smooth?
4 Are you plugging the board to the nano or using jumpers?
If using jumpers try and jumper from the Nano pin 10(CS) to pin 8 on the board it is possible the board has the cs connection on pin 8.
5 You could try loading the UIPEthernet example EchoServer and see if you can then get echo back from your computer if you use telnet on your computer.
When doing this use a suitable MAC, IP address and port number on the arduino for your computer network.
This example uses the same connections as the gateway so no wiring changes.
You should then be able to connect and then get text sent from the computer echoed back from the arduino using telnet.
6 Failed Parts!
Original Nano
If you were powering the original nano from the USB port then i suspect the input diode has partially failed, so will supply very limited power to the board from the USB connector, If you were powering the nano via the RAW pin then the voltage regulator is suspect.
ENC28J60 Board
If the Link and Data LEDs are lighting up then the ENC28J60 is working to some extent as these LEDs are controlled by the chip.
So I suspect the programing and then power / connections.
Of course even if you get this working this chip is second rate compared to the W5100 or W5500 in both memory consumption and speed.