Homini Complete Room Sensor Module?

Samuel235

Homini Complete Room Sensor Module

General Description

I've been thinking about creating a module that will provide sensors for each given room in the house. My personal preference would use a nRF24L01+ to connect back to the gateway and also serve as repeaters for other modules to get back to the gateway. This would then enable you to essentially have repeaters in every room, but not just any repeaters, repeaters that would relay various sensor information back to the gateway saving your individual modules from needing to do so, allowing these smaller modules to potentially become lower power consumers.

Packaging

My thoughts at the moment would be to house all of the sensors inside of a 3d printed module case on the ceiling that would look somewhat like a conventional smoke detector mounted to the ceiling;

Possible specifications

So currently my list of possible parameters to detect would be:

Smoke
Gas
Temperature
Humidity
Motion
Light

Examples

Lets give an example where i would see this coming in very useful other than the generic smoke and temperature monitoring (and graphing).

Lets say that we would like to automate our curtains or blinds based upon the amount of light inside of the room currently, instead of creating the module for the curtains/blinds to include a light sensor and do the 'computing' of whether or not to close/open the curtains/blinds based upon the amount of light in the room currently, the controller would be able to send back a message when it needs the blinds closing or opening. This would enable a user to install only a slightly modified, if not standard, sketch for the blind module to work rather than having to redo the whole of the software side of the module to perform the task.
Another example would be to use the light sensor again to detect the level of light inside of a cinema room and adjust your ambient lighting automatically through the controller based on the scene desired (Maybe even have your controller do this automatically, thanks to the integration of systems such as Kodi/XBMC on certain controllers, Openhab support it from what i can see at least).

I'm creating this post before I go ahead with designing anything because I would like feedback from this community on what sensors would be more desirable to others based on your requirements. So, please comment and feedback to me with what you would love to see go into this module. Any feature suggestions are more than welcome, I look forward to developing this module.

scalz

@samuel235 : nice project. If you want some ideas...I am already making something like this
http://forum.mysensors.org/topic/2951/my-mysx-multisensors-board
but it's without smoke/gas sensor. Firstly because 328p has not so much memory so I don't know if I could fit smoke/gas in the code, maybe...And finally because I wanted a low power thing, not sure for gas.smoke sensors.
I thought too about using this kind of enclosure but I wanted something more generic I can fix to the wall and not always on ceiling so I choosed custom enclosure. And like this, it can be used for door reed switch too.
Not released yet, I know. I have mainly debugged it, I need to make some adjustments for my PIR lib and deeper tests for range etc...and in the mean time I have received some pcb and tools I need to be familiar with...so lot of homework!
For fine controlling rollershutter, we need ambiant light (I choosed opt3001 exactly for what you said it can interrupt and is ultra low power sensor but there are other chip), temperature, and uv sensor (ideal is a precise one, silabs one is not as precise as veml6070, I have made a board for this too). Sensors needs to be well oriented and uv ideal position would be glued on windows but not so sexy, so maybe I will put these uv sensors outdoor..Finally, ideally, have the controller telling sun elevation and azimuth (in jeedom controller we have a plugin for this).

I will look at what you will do

Samuel235

@scalz, nice work on that module!

Mine will be inside of a custom made case too, just that i wanted it to look like that photo that i included. I wouldn't attempt to put my device inside of one of those just out of simplicity to be honest with you.

The software/programming side of things is still my weak area, I will need to do some research on the amount of memory on-board the 328p and if its not able to hold the software i'll be looking at maybe another uC, not sure yet.

The OPT3001 seems to be better matched than my BH1750 chip i was looking at purely because of how closely it monitors the light compared to the human eye. Thank you for that suggestion, i will be sure to research this in more depth. In terms of your suggestions to sun elevation, azimuth and UV detection, do you feel that would be better suited to just one application such as a outdoor weather station rather than a device that is situated in each room indoors? I'm not well educated in these 3 sensors so maybe i don't know enough information to make a correct assumption, but they are my initial thoughts.

scalz

@samuel235 right, my uv sensors will be on a "weather" sensors board. Here my preview (right bottom corner shield with my 32bit atsam mainboard for more memory with lora or nrf. The top board one is my gesture/mems actuator).
http://forum.mysensors.org/uploads/files/1457300128047-2016-03-06_21-14-17.png
On my "weather" board, sensors will be optional because I will use one uv sensors per house side but don't need each time a bme280 or as3935 so...
I have received all these pcb and stencils this week..just need time!

Samuel235

@scalz, I'm sorry for causing confusion, I thought you were suggesting for me to install a UV sensor on each board, sorry .

I really like the idea of your modular system with the daughter-board style approach. Will the main board work even if there is no daughter board is attached without modification to the code? If not that would be an awesome feature to attempt. Not sure how you would go about that, again my software side lets me down. I'm guessing you could have it all based on IF rules.

Looking forward to seeing your project come to life!

scalz

@samuel235 cool. yep mainboard is like an arduino (here an atsam=arduino zero) so it can work without daughter board. it depends what you need. mysxconnector is not my idea

if you are curious (or perhaps @tbowmo lol) here a small pic of what I have received this week, not assembled yet..
http://www.hostingpics.net/viewer.php?id=43362320160320134635.jpg
On left my esp8266 adapter for nextion hmi screen (easy to solder 1206, optional lipo charger, onewire, si7021 and bh1750 emplacement...for a mqtt thermostat for instance, i am making sort of GUI). And on right a gorgeous panel with one stencil!! (multisensors with pir, my atsam lora/nrf mainboard, daughters boards (weather, gesture..), and adafruit m0 boards (why not!). Lot of tinker in perspective! It was cheaper to make everything on one board and cut myself than buying a multiple sub pcb + multiple stencil (for proto only).

Samuel235

@scalz, looks awesome! I too have a feeling that i will be ordering this module all on one board and maybe separating them up myself. Again, like you, it would work out a lot cheaper that way when there is a few different boards to make up one completed module.

Samuel235

Currently looking at air quality sensors, while the MQ2 is the most favored around here, it uses up to 800mW of power at 5v, which to me is pretty high when you have IC's like that of ccs801 which uses much much lower. I'm looking to have these directly on the PCB itself, so in this respect they do not need to be available on a pcb of their own like the MQ2 is.

Samuel235

Specifically looking at CCMOS and their range of air quality sensors. Due to them using waffer layer technology they have brought down the power consumption to <10mW compared to the standard Metal Oxide method of other sensors using >800mW.

Some data on their sensor that looks very appealing right now:

CCS801
Product Brief: http://www.ccmoss.com/sites/default/files/documents/CC-000083-DS-6-Product brief for CCS801.pdf
Data Sheet: https://www.terraelectronica.ru/show_pdf.php?pdf=/pdf/CCMOSS/MOX CCS801.pdf

They also do this chip with a built in ADC, however that is still not available yet, its still in sampling phases and not available for normal purchases. So i'll divert my attention to the analog version. I don't see any issues regarding it being analog, if anyone does please point them out to me.

Just some food for thought for tonight

scalz

@Samuel235 nice sensors, I like sensors too..that make me thinking to try to make a small childboard lol I have no time.
I think @epierre is the air quality guru here curious to know what do you think..

But this little "nugget" certainly need some care like:

it is fragile (during assembly, esd, heat..), and it is dfn. so it's better to not fail during soldering because it is 7$!! and not sure it likes multiple solder/desolder.
its low power ability is possible only if you use pwm to heat it (or it will be a lot more). So it would require that mcu generate pwm during sleep! not possible in deep sleep everything is powered off. The best bet (what I would do in this case if would do low power) would be to use timer2 in asynchronous mode to generate pwm and keep low power. or, if no pwm + deepsleep so no heater, I don't know how long time it really need to take a reliable value from mcu wakeup (need to be tested)
imho adc is not always as easy as it seems. curve (could need opamp maybe not here I don't know its curve), is it sensible to parasite, does it need filtering, etc..but that is electronic debug. That's cool when the chip has everything packaged with i2c and you just need to have a clean supply.
so follow only the ref schematic in datasheet may be not enough. but enough to play with, at debug you will see if you need to stabilize/improve adc or not

it's only imho, maybe I'm wrong or forgot details, but if it can help. btw cool idea

Samuel235

@scalz

I do plan on sourcing a hot air reflow station for DFN packages now, simply because of that pad on the bottom, otherwise i'de use a soldering iron for it. I'm pretty confident with soldering so this is the least of my issues if i'm honest.

Even though i'm looking to power this node via mains 240v, i'de love to get this whole node as low power as i possibly can. Initially i wasn't planning on sleep the MCU tbh, but i haven't evaluated the pins needed for the sensors yet, it might be a case that they will all be connected through interupt enabled pins, the new ATmega328pb may have more interupts, research needed. So if i could get them all on interupt enabled pins that would be fantastic news for power consumption to allow the MCU to sleep while monitoring is being performed still. It would be interesting to see if i could use some other IC to generate the pwm signal for this chip to be powered easily while MCU is sleeping, if i choose deepsleep that is. Normal sleep may be the only opinion anyway for me though.

I've ran into a few little issues in the past with ADC, namely the battery voltage monitor. So i think the fact it is analog is perfect for my application. However, i do think that it is all contained internally and just need clean power on that ADC version. But that isn't available anyway.

I'll now wait patiently for the master of air quality sensors to chime into this conversation Then we have a few other little conversational discussions to have on here for the other sensors and the 240v powering situation.

Thanks for your input on that last post, i always enjoy our conversations and idea suggestions!

scalz

@Samuel235 : thx. good choice for hot air gun.
oki, I didn't know you want this node ac powered.
just a last thing..it's a big shortcut to think that analog signals is as easy as a simple resistor divider and read it with adc imho analog is an art like rf. good filtering, opamp theory, mixed signals routing science etc.. I just say this because I'm actually learning and working on this at my job. I need to route a reliable board with lot of adc, digital, there will be can bus.., in harsh environment like car/trucks engine (hopefully for me I work with an analog guy, my dad, old school lol).
Don't worry, I think your board may not need all this care (I hope). it's just some points and so you can learn more. good luck

Samuel235

@scalz, it is a good thing i didn't think it was that simple and why i don't like using that method for the adc of voltage monitoring. From the other topic on here with the voltage monitoring you can see i was having a lot of issues with understanding the theory behind it. I don't like to do something because that is how it needs to be done, i'm the person that actually wants to underatand the reason and method of doing it and why.

Normally, old school is the best way to learn. The new methods are mostly better, but for the method the old school way is better. So thank your father!

I don't think these boards of mine will need the type of intricacies like you're having to do, but i'm always learning the methods and theories on why they need to be done like that.

scalz

cool, I think you will get this sensor working...even if now you don't need all these advice, maybe in future you will remember about it when needed
humm, maybe at lunch I will try to make a basic and small childboard for this one..so I will be able to add it to my pir multisensors..very tempting, and so I would be able to help you..

Samuel235

@scalz Oh, no doubt about it i need this advice and i thank you for it. I definitely need it as i wouldn't be asking here

From my findings i need a fair bit of help on the sensors them selves and their calibrations too.

A daughter board for which board? I'm intrigued to see what you come up with. I'm planning on having this split in two boards stacked on top of each other inside of the enclosure. One for power distribution and one for data and sensor connections.

sundberg84

Gas/Smoke/Temp/Hum/Light/Motion in one would be great!
For me its tempting when you are aiming at a celing mounter 3d case like a smoke detector.

I hope it can all be fitted inside a normal size case - you see, there are other aspects of it like esthetics according to my wife.

Samuel235

@sundberg84, i'm with your wife here. It must look appealing to the eye, hense why i wanted in a custom enclosure fashioned like that smoke detector/sprinkler image i included. Since its something being mounted on the ceiling, its got to be subtle and not in your face ugly.

I'm glad you're very interested in following this production, thank you

scalz

@sundberg84 nice catch
@Samuel235 : this one (I showed you in post above) http://forum.mysensors.org/topic/2951/my-mysx-multisensors-board
On daughter board, the sensor would be on the left side of the pic because others sensors are on right (little dirty hack but like this I could have everything I need per room..depending of the sketch size too). I would add mosfet to cut power on daughterboard etc...a thing to try, I just need to make a tiny daughter board, oshpark and voila!

Samuel235

@scalz, ahh sorry i forgot you linked that. Yeah that would make that a nice little setup!

scalz

@Samuel235 : here what could look my small childboard...first pass, I will change few things before order it. 3.35$ for 3 boards at oshpark It could be smaller, it is because now I like/try to have everything ontop (but there are two smd jumpers on bottom), that made me hungry! time to eat
@tbowmo: here an idea for a childboard

Samuel235

@scalz I like it! A quick side step, how do you make these 3D models? Are they generated by your eagle designs or do you manually build them in a 3d model program?

scalz

@Samuel235 thx. actually, I still use eagle 6.5, I know there are things in 7.x but not tried yet. so for the moment, sometimes I make my own model, or find some where I can..for 3d preview, google sketchup eagleup. So for pcb preview I use sketchup, for custom enclosure solidworks (I prefer it than sketchup) then I export box to sketchup (as I can't do the opposite). Have fun

Samuel235

@scalz, thank you. I'll spend many hours playing now

tbowmo

@scalz

Nice I'm preparing a board with various sensor types on, that one could populate as one wishes..

Samuel235

@tbowmo, cool! Be sure to include the information or links in here for us to check out please

tbowmo

@Samuel235

It would be added as a MysX add-on module (have some space left on a panel, that I'm preparing)

Samuel235

@tbowmo now i'm even more intrigued

Samuel235

I'm still on the man hunt for the right sensor to use for air quality, I've narrowed my search down to two parameters to monitor; Carbon Monoxide and Smoke. If you guys would like to see any other gases being monitored please give me your feedback, this is all that i would want, but i have no idea of the other countries and their interests to gases. What about carbon dioxide?

So i have roughly chosen two sensors, the CCS801 for Carbon Monoxide and the MP503 for Smoke. I know there are a few sensors out there for smoke and to be honest, i'm yet to study those in comparison to the MP503 due to being very busy at the moment. Could anyone give any input on my choices here and if i should use another sensor out of the MP range from Winsen-Sensors for my smoke one? What about the Carbon Monoxide choice, that look good enough for you guys?

CCS801 - Carbon Monoxide:
Power Consumption: 1.8v 0.9mW (In pulse mode)
Rough Price without shipping costs: £5.49
Datasheet: http://www.ccmoss.com/sites/default/files/documents/CC-000015-DS-8-Datasheet for CCS801.pdf

MP503 - Smoke:
Power Consumption: 5v <300mW
Rough Price without shipping costs: £N/A at the moment
Datasheet: file:///C:/Users/Desktop%20System/Downloads/MP503%20(Ver1.4)%20-%20Manual.pdf

Samuel235

Sensor Choice

From further research, I have learnt that there are two main types of sensors out there; electrochemical and semiconductor. The information displayed below explaining each are extracts from Wikiedia.

Electrochemical:
Electrochemical gas detectors work by allowing gases to diffuse through a porous membrane to an electrode where it is either chemically oxidized or reduced. The amount of current produced is determined by how much of the gas is oxidized at the electrode,[3] indicating the concentration of the gas. Manufactures can customize electrochemical gas detectors by changing the porous barrier to allow for the detection of a certain gas concentration range. Also, since the diffusion barrier is a physical/mechanical barrier, the detector tended to be more stable and reliable over the sensor's duration and thus required less maintenance than other early detector technologies.

However, the sensors are subject to corrosive elements or chemical contamination and may last only 1–2 years before a replacement is required. Electrochemical gas detectors are used in a wide variety of environments such as refineries, gas turbines, chemical plants, underground gas storage facilities, and more.

Semiconductor:
Semiconductor sensors detect gases by a chemical reaction that takes place when the gas comes in direct contact with the sensor. Tin dioxide is the most common material used in semiconductor sensors, and the electrical resistance in the sensor is decreased when it comes in contact with the monitored gas. The resistance of the tin dioxide is typically around 50 kΩ in air but can drop to around 3.5 kΩ in the presence of 1% methane. This change in resistance is used to calculate the gas concentration. Semiconductor sensors are commonly used to detect hydrogen, oxygen, alcohol vapor, and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide. One of the most common uses for semiconductor sensors is in carbon monoxide sensors. They are also used in breathalyzers. Because the sensor must come in contact with the gas to detect it, semiconductor sensors work over a smaller distance than infrared point or ultrasonic detectors.

So while the electrochemical is the better of the two in terms of power consumption, they do required to be changed on average every 2 years. However, while that is a downside, you do have to re-calibrate the semiconductor type if its needed to remain the accuracy it did when installed. I'm not sure which would be better, to replace or to re-calibrate? One side of the argument is that the semiconductor range is much easily available, at least for the UK market anyway, and cheaper to purchase. But then you have the power consumption of the internal heater to consider, they reportedly get up to anywhere in the region of 60 degrees Celsius, this would cause issues for my temperature sensor (unless i some how shield my temp sensor off from the area of the gas sensors, possible to do with a custom enclosure.

I'm proposing that if we wanted to go down the route of the electrochemical sensors, we could mount these on daughter boards and mount these either ribbon cables or pin headers to then enable us to swap out the sensors with ease in the future. I'm tempted with the idea of having the daughter board that holds the sensor externally accessible, but inside its own enclosure that attaches to the main enclosure so you would just pull off a side enclosure and either replace the whole thing or replace the sensor board inside of this side enclosure and then push the side enclosure back onto the main enclosure. Interesting prospect. By the time I get some feedback i might be able to use a 3d modeler to possibly mock up some 3d sketches of what i mean.

But then the semiconductor type is a simple calibration using a 'calibration test' that you purchase from the manufacturers and adjust to meet the known concentration of the given gas. This can take several days depending on the heat-up time. I do not like the sound of this. The whole idea of this module is to be ease of use and to leave it running on its own without worrying about if its accurate or not.

Current Thoughts

As you can see i'm really starting to favor the low power, high cost, hard to find electrochemical sensors. However, like I've stated many times over, they're proving very hard to get my hands on. If anyone knows of any, please link them in here.

What're your thoughts on the sensing sides of things, would you rather:

Low component cost, higher running costs, higher maintenance. Electrochemical.
High component cost, low running costs, possible high maintenance. Semiconductor.

Samuel235

Due to the electrochemical sensors being so hard to get my hands on it would seem i have very little choice but to order off of AliExpress.

I have found a decent price for the ME2-CO here: AliExpress.

I'm very tempted to get some normal MQ-7's just to try them out or even the high quality Figaro TGS2442's, but i just don't like the 24-48 Hour warm up period on those, that coupled with the power consumption is just putting me off of the 'normal' Semiconductor types. However, they are pretty cheap compared to the Electrochemicals.

Datasheets:

ME2-CO
MQ-7
TGS2442

Questions

Could i get some of your opinions on this, do you feel i'm being a little over the top with the power consumption issue?
Whats your thoughts on the warm-up times? Don't forget they do apply when it comes to calibrating the sensor, you would have to make the calibration alterations, then wait another 2 days for it to warm and settle before testing again....

Samuel235

I've nearly compiled the full list of sensors for this module as follows:

Carbon Monoxide Sensor - ME2-CO
Smoke Sensor - 1 IR emitter & 1 Receiver to create a photoelectric sensor
Humidity & Temp Sensor - SHT21
Motion - HC-SR501 Module
Light - APDS-9300-020

I'm now left with sourcing a low cost buzzer for this module and some LED's for status updates for debugging and notifications of working states. I'm tempted to have the device sleep with the smoke and carbon monoxide sensors connected to interrupt pins if possible and only have the motion sensor detecting in certain situations such as night time and alarm enabled status maybe. Its not something i want on permanently if not needed due to the current usage in busy areas such as hallways and main rooms, it will draw power consistently and the idea is to keep the power consumption down as low as possible.

As usual I appreciate all thoughts and suggestions for this and welcome them to the comments. I'm not the best at software/coding so if anyone would like to help in that aspect, i wouldn't say no when the time comes to do such a task. It will be a few weeks before that happens though as i'm yet to design the hardware. I need to purchase a few tools before this can go a head, including a hot air reflow station and a 3D printer for the custom case.

Samuel235

With all the parts for this module on order now, just for a discussion;

What would you hardware guys rather have in terms of ambient light sensors? Digital (I2C device) or Analogue that performs like a NPN transistor? What is easier to configure/setup? (APDS-9300-020 OR TEMT6000X01)
Low power motion detector daughter board or HC-SR501 Module?
I'm yet to make my voltage supply schematic, i'm looking at a few topics around here regarding this, does anyone have any information to educate me further in this area, power supply is not my most confident area

Samuel235

Smoke Detector

I do plan on having footprints for both of the smoke detection methods, but this all depends on the space allowed on the PCB. If I can't have the footprint for both I will be making designs for both variations. On both of the designs, they will use the temperature sensor to create a 'hybrid' type of smoke detector so it isn't just smoke that it has to detect to trigger the fire warning.

Optical/Photoelectrical Method

I'm going down the route of creating my own optical sensor simply because I can not source a enclosed solution to put into my module. The only way around this would be to purchase cheap optical smoke detectors and remove the module and apply it to mine. Rather than doing this I would rather attempt to create my own solution using a IR Emitter LED and a IR Receiver.

However, to do this I need to have the IR LED pulsing at 38KHz. So this is where I'm feeling a 555 timer to come into play. Now I haven't done my research on a 555 timer but from what i understand the capacitor in the 555 circuit instructs the timer on the length of time the LED needs to be enabled, so this is what creates the 38KHz pulse. Please instruct me if I have this wrong. I'm then thinking that I could just monitor for smoke every 10 seconds or so to try and lower the consumption again. To do this would I just need to switch the trigger pin from low to high to make the output turn off therefor turning the LED off and then pull the trigger pin low to then turn the LED back on?

Ionisation Method

I'm very tempted to just use a MQ2 sensor with its circuit on my board rather than a separate board.

Samuel235

Motion Detection

Would you guys rather the motion detection be connected via a transistor so we can send messages to the node to enable and disable the motion side of the module rather than having motion being detected at all times? This isn't to save power (like a few of you that know me would assume) but more to enable us to only have it enabled at night in 'night time' mode to stop it from being triggered and sending messages back to the gateway constantly through every day life, in the main rooms of the house.

Look forward to hearing your inputs.

Dwalt

@Samuel235 said:

Motion Detection

Would you guys rather the motion detection be connected via a transistor so we can send messages to the node to enable and disable the motion side of the module rather than having motion being detected at all times?.

If not to save power, would not a software solution be easier and less complicated solution?

Samuel235

@Dwalt said:

@Samuel235 said:

Motion Detection

Would you guys rather the motion detection be connected via a transistor so we can send messages to the node to enable and disable the motion side of the module rather than having motion being detected at all times?.

If not to save power, would not a software solution be easier and less complicated solution?

You're correct in this scenario, however i've since decided to brong the power consumption as low as i can physically for two reasons; to bring the running costs of the module down as low as possible snd to allow me to adapt this board for use with batteries if ever it needed to.

Dwalt

@Samuel235
I was under the assumption you intended this module to be always 'listening' to allow a controller to set it to night mode or 'disarm'. If so, battery power will be tricky. In addition, PIRs require a period of stabilization when powered on, often up to 30 seconds to calibrate sensor field of view background.

Samuel235

@Dwalt, you're right with the intention is to be listening all the time, and then therefor it would mean that sleeping the node for battery power is not going to work. However, i was planning to do this as a backup solution and then for incase i needed the feature. If this was needed to go to battery power it was able to switch off the motionI probably wont ever have a need for it, but its there if needed.

To go a step futher i could find a PIR Control IC, i remember reading somewhere that a fee controllers allow a PIR Sensor to be active when not even powered up. I might be wrong here but either way i understand your information regarding a warm up time on the motion module.

Thank you.

Samuel235

UPDATE

So then guys. I feel I have the sensing side of the board all designed out, I will include a schematic here for you to see. Just due to my inexperience of electronics still, i'm sure there will be a few faults/things you guys would like me to change around. Please point anything of any concern out to my attention and i will amend accordingly.

Sensors

Light: OPT3001
Motion: HC-SR501 Module
Temperature & Humidity: SHT21
Carbon Monoxide: TGS5042
Smoke1: Custom Photoelectric Circuit
Smoke2: MQ-2.

The smoke sensors can both be fitted or one or the other. They will differ in applications, what area the module is being used in. They both detect different types of smoke/fires. I will included more detailed information on this for the release of the product.

Powering

I'm still yet to design the powering side of this, it will be 240VAC converted to 5VDC then regulated as and when needed. I Will include some way to externally power this module while we're programming it since it will draw more than i'm comfortable providing through a PC USB Socket. So there will be no VCC lines coming onto the board from the USB programmers, this way we can't cause any damage to your PC USB sockets/serial lines. I'm yet to work out the overall typical power consumption, which i do plan on calculating today so i can get the powering converters specified for the current needed.

Prototyping

If there is any pins left, currently have 5 pins (3 Analog and 2 Digital) left over, however i'm very tempted to have status LEDs on this module so therefor that will be 3 gone and will only leave possibly 2 empty analog pins. These will have VIAs located so we can use them for prototyping.

By no means is this schematic anywhere near completion, there may be floating connections or missing components. Please point them out if so.

Excuse the unfinished power circuit at the top of the schematic, this is where i've got to so far before i ran out of time. Currently just placed the varistor and the AC/DC Converter. Will keep updating as and when time allows.

Samuel235

This post is deleted!

Samuel235

Updated the schematic in the post above. Please read the notes in bold above the image. Thanks.

Samuel235

Could i get some opinions regarding atmels signing IC's that we use for mysensor signing. Would you guys like this module to use that feature?

I may need some external flash for OTA firmware updates but i'm not sure if i want to include this on Rev1, maybe this is a Rev2 upgrade.

I doubt i will need any extra eeprom external from the amount built into the 328p mcu, we shall see about that when the software is made.

Lastly, is there any additional features that you guys would like to see implimented onto this module that you feel is missing? Any errors so far with the schematic you can see?

Samuel235

Another little bit of progress. I'm really struggling with time at the moment, had another 15 minutes to get some schematics done today. The power circuitry is coming along now, just the external programming power to sort out.

Samuel235

And the first of many to arrive is the Figaro Carbon Monoxide sensor.

Samuel235

There is a topic (here) being discussed regarding the use of IR LEDs and receivers to determine the circuit needed before i get some hardware. I will be ordering parts before the end of this week so if there is no suggestions i will be purchasing materials to trial and test the best setup for this.

Another subject to be discussed is powering while programming. I do propose to have the module fully powered up while programming and debugging to allow the monitoring of the sensor readings to allow debugging methods to be carried out with the best precision possible. However, this means that we need to have some sort of external connector on board to provide power while we're plugged into our programming systems. There would be two ways to go around this, one will allow full powered up mode for the board and the other will just allow power to the MCU and Radio while programming.

Add external connector (I'm feeling maybe a USB Mini-B simply due to its popularity). This would then power up the board completely while programming is completed, allowing full debug viewing through serial monitor.
Add a jumper on the power line of the MCU and Radio module to allow the programmer to provide enough power for the MCU and Radio while programming. This would mean that the only debugging we can do through the serial monitor would be MCU and Radio related.

Any input would be greatly appreciated.

Samuel235

The remaining parts have been ordered to get the prototyping under way. Plan of attack will be:

Prototype each circuit on breadboards separately to make sure each is working as intended and giving the correct results.
Combine all of the circuitry apart from the powering options onto breadboard as one working module, get some software written up with the help of a few guides, tutorials and a fellow member of our community being interested in joining me on this module.
Generate PCB designs and have them manufactured.
Test the AC/DC conversion circuitry for a few weeks while the PCB is on order.
Receive the PCBs and populate with the breadboarded circuit.
Fashion some sort of enclosure, hoping to have purchased a 3d printer by then.

Does anyone have any experience with a prusa I3 3d printer?

Samuel235

Infrared smoke detection circuitry has changed now. It is now going to running as a single IR LED coming from the MCU pin since we do not need any sort of frequency for a newly implemented photo transistor rather than the IR receiver. However, I may have it coming through the 555 time to just turn the LED on for 1 second every 10 seconds or so to stop excessive power draw for no reason. If it detects smoke 10 seconds later than it was first present inside of the chamber, that is fine for the needs of a smoke detector. In my opinion. If you feel otherwise please state so!

I have chosen to do this outside of software to save having to do multitasking in software. This way all that the MCU needs to know is if the photo transistor has detected any smoke, which we can monitor on every loop of the MCU.

I'm still not sure whether to go down the 555 timer route for the siren to sound or to use some soft of PWM function on the MCU. The way i'm thinking is that if we go down the timer route it releaves the MCU of another job and therefor it doesn't have to stall in the loop while its powering the buzzer. However, I personally feel that if the module detects smoke, the last thing that we will be worried about is if its taking readings from the other sensors. But then that would be a cool feature to be able to look back at the measurements on.

Samuel235

I would like to separate the 3v3 to the MCU and the radio from the rest of the components, this way i can safely power the MCU and Radio with the programmer when uploading software with just the programmer attached. But i want it so if it is powered externally i would like the board to use that power.

I'm proposing the use of diode(s) on the power lines in between the MCU and radio to stop the flow going out to the rest of the circuit. I'm hoping that by using the diode(s) to stop the 3v3 from the programming feeding to the whole 3v3 circuit it will not draw enough current to damage the programmer and the PC. By using this diode i believe that the MCU and Radio will draw the strongest voltage of whatever is connected, if nothing is connected other than the FTDI or ISP programmer then it will only power on the MCU and Radio. A quick hand drawn sketch below:

Do you feel i'm going about this the correct way rather than separating the MCU and radio with a hardware jumper? One less thing to care about while programming in my opinion.

Samuel235

And the prototyping begins! Pretty much all of the breadboard versions of parts have arrived and i will be prototyping each circuit individually then wrapping it all together. A few mods need to be done to the light sensor to make it breadboard friendly but its doable!

Dwalt

@Samuel235 Did you source a breakout version of the OPT3001? It is hard to find.

Samuel235

@Dwalt, unfortunately no mate, i will need to solder leads to the pads for prototyping needs

Samuel235

@Dwalt, this is the one i was looking at but then decided to just solder leads to the sensor itself instead. If i were to get some breakout boards made and maybe solder the sensors on myself, i wonder what the demand would be like, just thinking if its worth doing to help us out.

scalz

@Samuel235
wow, soldering leads on opt3001!
That won't be easy I think, I hope you have very very thin wire and iron! and still not sure...it's a small 2mmx2mm, and delicate, I think you can easily skip this step, it's a simple i2c sensors, no surprise...or maybe you will waste some money if no good tools. I prefer to design evalboards than soldering leads on tiny dfn (doable sometimes but very tricky), it's easier to breadboard and reusable

@dwalt
One thing I could do is to release some evalboards I have designed. As it's small, it's cheap at oshpark...I have already made one for opt3001, and have some for others sensors, boosters, buck, buckboost..but I'm little busy actually!
But if I do this you would still have to solder it on pcb, or I should look at the new pcba service...

Samuel235

@scalz It seems you have beat me to it with creating a breadboard friendly breakout board for them. If you're confident in the use of this sensor could you double check my schematic and let me know if i have connected it correctly please?

I might get a breakout board for breadboard friendly use designed if you're too busy yourself. Not sure how much call there is for them though.

scalz

@Samuel235 it's few months I did this. like I said I make breakout boards for testing, so I have a small collection now!
This was a breakout with opt3001 and si7021, regulator onboard (with smd jumper to power directly with 3.3v), and few pullups. Same pinout as common chinese sensor boards + interrupt pin for ambiant light:

I will upload at openhardware asap that's lot of things to upload lol!

Samuel235

0_1462204198812_capturedvideo.MOV

Currently prototyping the optical smoke sensor. I have the buzzer circuit working fine, i also have the circuitry for the optical sensor working. But i can't get it to reflect its IR Light off of smoke and onto the phototransistor.

Waiting on some feedback regarding the Figaro sensor and using with a mosfet from another forum, will post updates when recieved.

Samuel235

UPDATE!

Figaro TGS5042 Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Sensor - Working.

Prototype work complete for the carbon monoxide sensor, using the OP AMP style measurement system which includes just 1 Resistor, 1 Capacitor, an OP AMP (Model featured above) and the Sensor itself.

Improvements?

Currently reading through the appnotes given by Figaro for this sensor, heck its a long but interesting read! While it would be great to run with this current setup of 4 components for this circuit, there are things like polarity precautions on the sensor to be taken into consideration. So, with this being said, I'm currently in the process of maybe adding another OP AMP or just a resistor to the keep the sensor shorted out incase the device is isolated from power for any reason. Then there is the accuracy to take into account...

Question

I'm very tempted to amplify the sensors output enough to get to a PPM that is dangerous and then send the alarm off, meaning that at 5v out of the OP AMP it would be enough to send the sensor off and therefor we have a much a higher accuracy between safe and dangerous readings but it would not be able to go over what would be deemed as 'unsafe' levels. OR would you rather me have it so it can read to quite high CO levels despite the 'dangerous' level being around 2/3v out rather than 5v? So, would you rather a high range of readings but lower accuracy or a more accurate but lower range, still enough to detect the dangerous level?

I will be posting images and schematics for the completed parts of the module ASAP for you guys to check out.

epierre

@Samuel235 said:

IONISATION METHOD

I'm very tempted to just use a MQ2 sensor with its circuit on my board rather than a separate board.

MQ2 consumes a lot of energy as every MQ. Also don't rely on your life on this kind of sensors...

Have you tried the bottle of perfume around ?

Samuel235

@epierre, you're correct in thinking they are pretty high energy and inaccurate. Would you advise any other sensor at all for this method? I'm currently working on my own custom made optical smoke sensor unit using a IR LED and Phototransistor, but i would like a ionisation method sensor as well.

epierre

@Samuel235 the ionisation for smoke ensor was the old method with radioactive elements.

maybe a particle sensor but you would need to simulate a smoke to set levels, compared to a dusty room I think. Maybe a barbecue test (beware of greasy dusts !)

Samuel235

I'm encountering some issues regarding my MOSFET enabled PIR sensor. I'm currently using a n-channel MOSFET in a high side switching setup. The issues that i'm getting are that while the gate is pulled low, the sensor is alternating between a HIGH and LOW output, false triggering and when the gate is 5v, high, it is not powering at all.

I'm attempting to get my hands on a p-channel MOSFET to put in a low side switching application to attempt to fix this. I'm assuming that its acting like this because its producing false triggers while the GND is not connected through to ground. I've tried to connect a 10k resistor from drain to gate to eradicate the 'floating' connection, no hope either. If anyone has a link to any p-channel MOSFET that i can get in the UK that would be much appreciated.

Samuel235

There is currently discussions going on over on the forums at allaboutcircuits.com with myself and a few others regarding this OP AMP and the sensor output readings. I thought i would let you guys know in case you're interested in following the build.

Samuel235

Once i have the smoke detection worked out and the carbon monoxide circuit more 'suited' i feel we're on the straight and narrow. Adding in things like signing, EEPROM, headers, temp sensors, is all easy and no configuration on the hardware level is needed. So over the next week or two i will be working to get the two sensors correctly working and optimized to the best suited adaptions with this device, then its a case of adding in any functionality that we feel is needed. I would like some feedback from you guys with what features you feel are appropriate for this module, EEPROM, Flash, signal LEDs, security signing, anything at all!

Samuel235

UPDATE!

The sensor circuitry is now complete to give me a baseline voltage of 0.93V. This will allow for any variation in the sensor and the offset created by the op amp. I have used a double op amp system, the second op amp is performing a voltage follower role to remove any current interference from the voltage divider i have put in place to create the baseline to allow for errors to occur. The below schematic is for this section of the module. Getting close to getting the hardware side complete now. Just a few little things to iron out.

Currently completed hardware:

Carbon Monoxide Sensor
Motion Sensor
Voltage Regulation
Buzzer
Radio
Programming Headers

Currently working on:

Smoke Sensors (Optical and ionization, i may switch to particle detection though)
Temperature
Humidity
Ambient Light
AC Power connection
DC Power connection

Recommendations - Does anyone have anything else they would to see included onto this module?

Atsha204 signing?
External Flash?
EEPROM?
Status LEDs?

scalz

@Samuel235
good job sorry for not being more active, actually busy
if you have things which needs security or "anti hacking" like pir for instance, I would add atsha. But it depends of pir usage too.
Eeprom, as you want, but still useful.
Led is always nice when you have enough room. for debug and indicators.
I'm not sure if temp/hum sensor location is best at ceiling...during heating season, I think this is not representative of what we feel...but why not, perhaps in some case it can be useful. So, I prefer to have mine at the middle, not near a door or heater etc...
humm, that make me think I need to hack my smoke sensors too..not done yet

Samuel235

@scalz, I think i will be adding in what i can with the space, so i'll try and get it all included, EEPROM, ATSHA and if i have any pins left, i will get some debugging LEDs on, not holding my breath though.

As you have experience in using the I2C components i'm using here, could you have a quick look at the following at just let me know that they are okay and will not be conflicting on the I2C lines. I have looked into the addressing and i hope i have done accordingly.

If the Temp reading is completely off the accuracy due to its location i will just use it to compensate for the temp on the Carbon Monoxide sensor.

Samuel235

Because i'm clueless on the software sides of this, i'd like to ask someone from the @Code-Contributor group to give me their opinion on whether or not i would need some external memory on this module. The code will be including:

Carbon Monoxide Sensor
Smoke Sensor
Optical Sensor
Ambient light
Temperature and humidity
Radio
PIR Motion Sensor
ATSHA security IC.

scalz

for example, I would use an eeprom for:

dualoptiboot ota option
events or datalogging option
etc

but I'm not sure if you really need it for datalogging here..

Samuel235

@scalz, I was just worried about the size of the software to be honest. I initially wanted this to have 'modes', a day and a night mode. But this is only really for the use of the PIR Motion detector. So, I'm now thinking of having a option/switch inside of OpenHAB where i can manually toggle it or have the clock toggle this switch which would then turn the motion sensor on (the mosfet that is acting as a switch).

So after considering my alterations, i think for now as i'm opting for the manual switch option, i won't need any extra EEPROM as the on-board amount of the Atmega328p should be more than enough for my needs. In terms of the bootloader, i'm thinking of going for a branch of Optiboot normal. Then if i do switch my controller to MYScontroller i will switch the bootloader over to that of MYSbootloader to allow for OTA software updates.

I'm still toying with the option of adding a USB/FTDI IC on-board to be done with the FTDI header for the 'new guys' to be able to just plug straight into a usb port as i plan on making these if anyone wants them and then therefor i will be bootloading and fuse setting myself, then they wouldn't need to have access to the ISP port that way either... So a nice handy little USB port on the side of the module casing would be all they need access too, and the AC input terminals obviously.

Did you get a chance to have a look at my I2C components above?

scalz

@Samuel235
I have looked a bit.

For your i2c sensors, if you want you can add a 10k pullup on light int pin. That's all, but not really mandatory, internal pullups works ..nothing fancy. that should work

Your opamp circuit, seems ok, but I can't tell more as these things need testing, simulation. as you noticed analog is not as easy as it appears lol btw simulation circuit tools are nice for checking and understanding concept or circuit (like spice, isis etc..). careful with copy of block sch, it's better to understand, for debug then

Last notes, I would add some debug points for analog parts so you can measure voltage easily during debug phase. because it's possible that things change a bit, breadboard vs pcb, as your sensor is in mV range.

Keep up the good work, can't wait to see your device

Samuel235

@scalz, 10k Pullup has been implimented. I did have it in and for some reason I now remember deleting it, not too sure why i did such a thing. I will get some pads added on the analog lines like you advise to enable easy testing, do you advise to just add some pads on the lines that i would like to test?

Samuel235

The last sensor to be configured and to actually even get working now is the optical smoke sensor. I'm currently having some issues and troubles with even getting the concept of the reflective IR optical sensor to work. Been attempting for days now, hopefully will get this issue sorted ASAP as this is the really holding the module still now. Once this is done, i have a little work on the external powering to do but that shouldn't be too trivial and we can get the board sent off to the board house for manufacturing then.

Samuel235

Optical Sensors

While we're on the topic of optical sensors, all the market research that i am doing currently regarding these types of sensors just shows how many products are using optical sensors in the reflective setup, where the smoke causes the IR light to be reflected from the LED into a phototransistor and then therefor change the analog reading of the transistor. They seem to be choosing this over the 'Interrupt' method of having a IR LED shining into a Phototransistor and then smoke interrupting the light rays and therefor changing the properties of the transistor.

Can anyone see an advantage from this other than i would personally feel it is less likely to produce false triggers?

If this is the only reason it would be more beneficial to use the reflective method, i'm thinking about attempting to overcome the false triggers as the 'interrupt' setup method uses a much lower area on the board. If we could work around these false triggers i feel that it would benefit this setup much more.

I'm pretty sure that the power usage is the same because the LED would be permanently on at the same level for both methods.

Samuel235

I have just purchased some photo diodes rather than photo transistors to attempt to get this working. From what i have been reading, the photo transistors are around 100 times more sensitive than photo diodes and therefor i'm thinking that it could be this that is causing me an issue with trying to record the reflecting IR Light off of the smoke.

Samuel235

To keep you guys updated regarding the progress of this module;

I've been having some issues with creating a chamber that is capable of holding the diodes, transistors and the smoke without letting ambient light in (Due to materials and method, not due to design ability). So I decided to purchase a cheap (£10) Optical Smoke Detector from my local merchants, turns out to be a pretty nice device for the price. I have opened up the unit to find the smoke chamber and various other electronics inside, looks pretty nicely made. After a few google searches i have discovered what appears to be a full blown MCU inside of there, i will do some more investigation and post some part numbers up here soon for you guys to have a look around for interest sake. But normally i see smoke application specific IC's inside of these, so i was shocked at the MCU that is in there with no mention to smoke on the datasheet from what i could see. I'm now wondering if there would be some what to interface with this MCU to my ATMEGA. We will see with some further investigations.

My initial plans for this now were to rip out the chamber and the detection hardware inside of this chamber, and allocate a space on my module to receive this hardware rather than making my own, saving time and hassle as this is already a proved to work method.

P.S - I'm working on a double relay board that uses its own AC INPUT line to feed the live power to the relays and therefor not needing multiple AC supply to power something. This module is allowed to power two devices at a maximum of 2A on each relay, protected through 2 2A SMD fuses. I will release details very soon

Samuel235

I'm currently spending today reverse engineering a optical smoke alarm to see how its chamber is connected to its op amp. It is taking an awfully long time due to the black silkscreen. Very hard to trace the routes from components.

Samuel235

UPDATE:

We now have the optical smoke sensor working, sort of. The only issue we have now is that the output on the OP AMP for the smoke sensor is oscillating, soon as i can rectify this to a DC voltage, we should be good to go with this module. Looking forward to layout this board!

Samuel235

UPDATE:

We now have a working optical smoke sensor!

Just to recap on the sensors on board:

Optical Smoke Sensor
Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Sensor
Motion Sensor
Temperature Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Light Sensor

I'm just wondering if there will be enough on-board memory for the software and libraries for these sensors. I suppose the sensible thing to do here would be to get the software to a somewhat working state and then we could see how much memory we really need....

Software Gurus, please come forward and make yourself known please!

I do plan on having multiple states/profiles allowed on this module, something like Day state, Night state and an away state maybe. Not sure how much extra software that would take, not much i should imagine as it would only be to change a few states of the sensors.

But seriously, anyone involved with software that seems interested in being involved with this, please make yourself known here or message me and we can progress from here.

Thanks,
Sam.

scalz

hi.
cool perhaps you should try to draft a sketch and see what you get for memory usage. always good to check this before
i am actually busy doing sw for my different modules so i won't have too much time on my side and there are so much things i would like to do! But if you need some help, you still can ask, we will try to help

Samuel235

@scalz, thank you. I'm sure I will need help from someone at some point, however i will keep this thread updated with my position on the software for this module. I know this is taking me a long time but this is a very complex module for me, hardware and software, the most complex i have ever done with electronics up to this point, but i'm loving every single instance of problem solving i'm going through!

A quick sketchup will be done ASAP hopefully to see the memory usage, i'm just wondering if there is any point in putting external memory on-board just for the sake of it, not much added to the cost and will allow for future capabilities.

gohan

@Samuel235 I am looking at a CO sensor too, do you have any updates on the ones you are using? What is the exact model?

Homini Complete Room Sensor Module?